Uranium Transport in F-Cl-Bearing Fluids and Hydrothermal Upgrading of U-Cu Ores in IOCG Deposits

Table 1

Summary of uranium deposits that are rich in fluorine.

Deposit type	Name	Reserve (Mt)	Grade	Fluorine enrichment	Host rock	Ore-forming fluids	References
IOCG	Olympic Dam, Australia	545	480 ppm U	Up to 2.5 wt.% fluorite in ores; 10^8 t F; F-bearing minerals, that is, fluorapatite and REE minerals	Granite	Magnetite stage: °C; hematite stage: °C	Billiton [41]; Oreskes and Einaudi [16]; McPhie et al. [3]
	Ernest Henry, Australia	167	50 ppm U	Fluorite is one of the main gangue minerals in ores	Plagioclase-phyric meta-andesitic rocks	°C	Mark et al. [9]; Hitzman and Valenta [6]; Mark et al. [10]; Williams et al. [17]
	Prominent Hill, Australia	97	97 ppm U	One of the main phases in Cu-Au-U ores	Meta-andesitic rocks	°C	Hitzman and Valenta [6]; Tobias (2015)
	Salobo, Brazil	789	32–57 ppm	Main phase in the ores			de Melo et al. [11]
	Igarape Bahia, Brazil	219	99–170 ppm	Enriched in magnetite breccias	Metavolcano-sedimentary sequence		Tallarico et al. [8]
Orogenic U deposits	Mount Isa Inlier, Australia	225	6 ppm	High F content in ores and host rocks	Granitic intrusions		Gregory et al. [42]; Polito et al. [43]; McGloin et al. [2]
Granite/volcanic rock-hosted U deposits	Xiangshan, China	0.02–0.05	0.1–0.3% U	Fluorite consists of one of the main phase in ores	Felsic volcanic rock and granite porphyry	°C	Chabiron et al. [22]; Hu et al. [7]
	Streltsovka caldera, Russia	0.127	0.18–0.2% U	1.4–2.7% F in rhyolite	Felsic volcanic rocks/rhyolites		Chabiron et al. [22]; Cuney [27]
	Xiazhuang, China	0.003–0.01	0.1–0.3%	Ore-forming fluids have elevated F concentration	Granite	°C	Hu et al. [7]