Consolidated and Undrained Ring Shear Tests on the Sliding Surface of the Hsien-du-shan Landslide in Taiwan

Table 1

The sample size of ring shear test (modified by [39]).

Author	Inner diameter, (cm)	Outer diameter, (cm)	()	Sample	Max. normal stress (kPa)	Pore pressure monitoring
Bishop et al.	10.16	15.24	0.67	Clay	980	N
Hungr and Morgenstern	22.00	30.00	0.73	Coarse sand, sand-rock flour mixtures, and polystyrene beads	200	N
Tika and Hutchinson [40]	10.16	15.24	0.67	Cohesive soil	980	N
Garga and Sendano	9.20	13.30	0.69	Sand	660	N
Sassa (DPRI-3)	21.0	31.0	0.68	Soils	500	Y
Sassa (DPRI-4)	21.0	29.0	0.72	Coarse grain sandy soil	3000	Y
Sassa (DPRI-5)	12.0	18.0	0.67	Soils	2000	Y
Sassa (DPRI-6)	25.0	35.0	0.71	Sands	3000 (designed); 750 (success)	Y
Sassa (DPRI-7)	27.0	35.0	0.77	Silica sand	500	Y
Iverson et al. [16]	48.5	60.0	0.81	Tills	400	N
Liao et al. [22]	11.0	14.9	0.74	Sandstone	12,600 (designed); 4000 (success)	N
Ostric et al. [41] (ICL-1)	10.0	14.0	0.71	Marl	1000	Y
Tomasetta et al. [42]	6.0	12.0	0.50	Fine powders	14.795	N
Hoyos et al. [15]	9.65	15.24	0.63	Soils	732	Y (suction)
Sassa et al. [23] (ICL-2)	10.0	14.2	0.70	Sands	3000	Y
Jeong et al. (2014)	11.0	25.0	0.44	Gravelly sandy soil	100	Y
Wu et al. [24]	11.0	14.9	0.74	Sandstone/remolded shale	4000	N
This study	11.0	14.9	0.74	Sandstone/remolded shear gouge	2710	Y

Normal stress servo-control system does not function well. Tests were conducted to 750 kPa by changing the normal stress load cell [21]; successful case study of the Tsaoling landslide during the Chi-Chi earthquake [22].