History Matching of a Channelized Reservoir Using a Serial Denoising Autoencoder Integrated with ES-MDA

Table 1

Comparison of state vectors and postprocesses after each assimilation for ten ES-MDA algorithms investigated in this study.

	State vector	Postprocess after every assimilation
Algorithm w/o denoising
ES-MDA	Facies index	Cutoff
ES-MDA-DCT	DCT coefficients in facies domain
ES-MDA-K-SVD	Weight matrix in facies domain
ES-MDA-DCT-i-K-SVD	in DCT domain
ES-MDA-SAE	Encoded coefficients in facies domain
Algorithm w/ denoising
ES-MDA	Facies index	SPN filter; ↓; GN filter; ↓; Cutoff
ES-MDA-DCT	DCT coefficients in facies domain
ES-MDA-K-SVD	Weight matrix in facies domain
ES-MDA-DCT-i-K-SVD	in DCT domain
ES-MDA-SAE	Encoded coefficients in facies domain