High-Field (3.4 T) ENDOR Investigation of Asphaltenes in Native Oil and Vanadyl Complexes by Asphaltene Adsorption on Alumina Surface

<table class="table-group" id="tab2"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="9"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left" rowspan="2"></td><td class="align_center" colspan="4">X-band</td><td class="align_center" colspan="4">W-band</td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_center"><span style="width: 11.5326ptpx;"><svg height="10.6404pt" id="M42" style="vertical-align:-4.67949pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -5.96091 11.5326 10.6404" width="11.5326pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M546 430L539 434C529 434 505 438 495 440C473 444 450 448 430 448C352 448 265 412 213 366C145 306 96 203 96 103C96 22 135 -12 160 -12C190 -12 238 14 262 32C310 68 368 120 411 184H413C403 117 396 75 384 21C353 -118 325 -158 291 -184C270 -200 241 -205 208 -205C133 -205 90 -164 74 -110C70 -98 58 -100 49 -107C34 -119 23 -140 23 -155C23 -190 74 -261 166 -261C219 -261 280 -233 314 -208C383 -157 446 -79 470 81C491 223 529 388 546 430ZM456 386C452 357 433 283 420 252C402 216 366 174 325 129C288 88 239 56 212 56C192 56 182 77 182 120C182 165 199 242 226 292C256 348 281 377 311 389C327 395 353 402 375 402C408 402 436 394 456 386Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.072,3.132)"><path d="M167 -163V704H103V-163H167ZM317 -163V704H253V-163H317Z"></path></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center"><span style="width: 20.3927ptpx;"><svg height="9.39034pt" id="M43" style="vertical-align:-3.42943pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -5.96091 20.3927 9.39034" width="20.3927pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M546 430L539 434C529 434 505 438 495 440C473 444 450 448 430 448C352 448 265 412 213 366C145 306 96 203 96 103C96 22 135 -12 160 -12C190 -12 238 14 262 32C310 68 368 120 411 184H413C403 117 396 75 384 21C353 -118 325 -158 291 -184C270 -200 241 -205 208 -205C133 -205 90 -164 74 -110C70 -98 58 -100 49 -107C34 -119 23 -140 23 -155C23 -190 74 -261 166 -261C219 -261 280 -233 314 -208C383 -157 446 -79 470 81C491 223 529 388 546 430ZM456 386C452 357 433 283 420 252C402 216 366 174 325 129C288 88 239 56 212 56C192 56 182 77 182 120C182 165 199 242 226 292C256 348 281 377 311 389C327 395 353 402 375 402C408 402 436 394 456 386Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.072,3.132)"><path d="M442 39L431 68C420 63 406 57 394 57C377 57 359 71 359 118V301C359 353 349 393 314 424C291 443 261 451 230 451C171 438 107 401 79 381C59 366 46 355 46 340C46 316 72 295 91 295C106 295 117 303 122 319C131 350 139 371 152 384C163 397 178 404 197 404C246 404 281 365 281 293V278C260 262 186 232 124 213C69 194 41 161 41 112C41 47 92 -12 163 -12C195 -12 243 25 283 51C288 35 293 22 308 7C319 -4 339 -12 354 -12L442 39ZM281 87C262 68 226 51 199 51C169 51 129 74 129 126C129 162 151 181 190 198C211 208 259 229 281 240V87ZM331 512C291 568 259 621 228 677H199C169 621 134 566 95 512L124 492C157 523 186 556 213 589C240 556 269 523 302 492L331 512Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,11.158,3.132)"><path d="M601 496C596 555 591 627 591 675H567C551 656 544 650 516 650H120C91 650 79 651 64 675H41C38 619 34 555 29 492H63C75 537 83 566 96 582C110 604 128 612 207 612H272V126C272 46 264 38 170 33V0H464V33C368 38 359 48 359 126V612H430C502 612 520 605 535 582C547 566 556 541 567 492L601 496ZM439 828C398 809 356 787 315 764C274 789 231 809 190 828L172 797C217 762 262 731 302 688H327C367 731 412 762 457 797L439 828Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,16.599,3.132)"><path d="M303 37L293 66C280 59 256 49 231 49S173 63 173 143V396H281C294 404 298 428 287 439H173V575L158 577L92 509V439H46L17 408L22 396H92V107C92 27 128 -12 192 -12C203 -12 218 -9 237 2L303 37ZM278 707C259 707 240 693 240 668C240 652 247 643 254 640C274 633 287 623 287 600C287 576 272 559 240 542L251 510C303 526 343 558 343 622C343 671 313 707 278 707Z"></path></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center"><svg height="13.3154pt" id="M44" style="vertical-align:-4.679501pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 14.7165 13.3154" width="14.7165pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M686 28C612 35 607 44 591 112C563 234 541 360 519 489L489 666L457 658L147 121C100 40 89 36 24 28L17 0H240L250 28C168 34 159 41 190 101L262 237H482C495 180 503 137 510 91C517 47 514 35 441 28L433 0H677L686 28ZM475 280H285L429 541H431L475 280Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,10.244,3.132)"><path d="M167 -163V704H103V-163H167ZM317 -163V704H253V-163H317Z"></path></g></svg> (MHz)</td><td class="align_center"><svg height="11.9316pt" id="M45" style="vertical-align:-3.2957pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 23.5766 11.9316" width="23.5766pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M686 28C612 35 607 44 591 112C563 234 541 360 519 489L489 666L457 658L147 121C100 40 89 36 24 28L17 0H240L250 28C168 34 159 41 190 101L262 237H482C495 180 503 137 510 91C517 47 514 35 441 28L433 0H677L686 28ZM475 280H285L429 541H431L475 280Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,10.244,3.132)"><path d="M442 39L431 68C420 63 406 57 394 57C377 57 359 71 359 118V301C359 353 349 393 314 424C291 443 261 451 230 451C171 438 107 401 79 381C59 366 46 355 46 340C46 316 72 295 91 295C106 295 117 303 122 319C131 350 139 371 152 384C163 397 178 404 197 404C246 404 281 365 281 293V278C260 262 186 232 124 213C69 194 41 161 41 112C41 47 92 -12 163 -12C195 -12 243 25 283 51C288 35 293 22 308 7C319 -4 339 -12 354 -12L442 39ZM281 87C262 68 226 51 199 51C169 51 129 74 129 126C129 162 151 181 190 198C211 208 259 229 281 240V87ZM331 512C291 568 259 621 228 677H199C169 621 134 566 95 512L124 492C157 523 186 556 213 589C240 556 269 523 302 492L331 512Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,14.33,3.132)"><path d="M601 496C596 555 591 627 591 675H567C551 656 544 650 516 650H120C91 650 79 651 64 675H41C38 619 34 555 29 492H63C75 537 83 566 96 582C110 604 128 612 207 612H272V126C272 46 264 38 170 33V0H464V33C368 38 359 48 359 126V612H430C502 612 520 605 535 582C547 566 556 541 567 492L601 496ZM439 828C398 809 356 787 315 764C274 789 231 809 190 828L172 797C217 762 262 731 302 688H327C367 731 412 762 457 797L439 828Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,19.771,3.132)"><path d="M303 37L293 66C280 59 256 49 231 49S173 63 173 143V396H281C294 404 298 428 287 439H173V575L158 577L92 509V439H46L17 408L22 396H92V107C92 27 128 -12 192 -12C203 -12 218 -9 237 2L303 37ZM278 707C259 707 240 693 240 668C240 652 247 643 254 640C274 633 287 623 287 600C287 576 272 559 240 542L251 510C303 526 343 558 343 622C343 671 313 707 278 707Z"></path></g></svg> (MHz)</td><td class="align_center"><span style="width: 11.5326ptpx;"><svg height="10.6404pt" id="M46" style="vertical-align:-4.67949pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -5.96091 11.5326 10.6404" width="11.5326pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M546 430L539 434C529 434 505 438 495 440C473 444 450 448 430 448C352 448 265 412 213 366C145 306 96 203 96 103C96 22 135 -12 160 -12C190 -12 238 14 262 32C310 68 368 120 411 184H413C403 117 396 75 384 21C353 -118 325 -158 291 -184C270 -200 241 -205 208 -205C133 -205 90 -164 74 -110C70 -98 58 -100 49 -107C34 -119 23 -140 23 -155C23 -190 74 -261 166 -261C219 -261 280 -233 314 -208C383 -157 446 -79 470 81C491 223 529 388 546 430ZM456 386C452 357 433 283 420 252C402 216 366 174 325 129C288 88 239 56 212 56C192 56 182 77 182 120C182 165 199 242 226 292C256 348 281 377 311 389C327 395 353 402 375 402C408 402 436 394 456 386Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.072,3.132)"><path d="M167 -163V704H103V-163H167ZM317 -163V704H253V-163H317Z"></path></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center"><span style="width: 20.3927ptpx;"><svg height="9.39034pt" id="M47" style="vertical-align:-3.42943pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -5.96091 20.3927 9.39034" width="20.3927pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M546 430L539 434C529 434 505 438 495 440C473 444 450 448 430 448C352 448 265 412 213 366C145 306 96 203 96 103C96 22 135 -12 160 -12C190 -12 238 14 262 32C310 68 368 120 411 184H413C403 117 396 75 384 21C353 -118 325 -158 291 -184C270 -200 241 -205 208 -205C133 -205 90 -164 74 -110C70 -98 58 -100 49 -107C34 -119 23 -140 23 -155C23 -190 74 -261 166 -261C219 -261 280 -233 314 -208C383 -157 446 -79 470 81C491 223 529 388 546 430ZM456 386C452 357 433 283 420 252C402 216 366 174 325 129C288 88 239 56 212 56C192 56 182 77 182 120C182 165 199 242 226 292C256 348 281 377 311 389C327 395 353 402 375 402C408 402 436 394 456 386Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.072,3.132)"><path d="M442 39L431 68C420 63 406 57 394 57C377 57 359 71 359 118V301C359 353 349 393 314 424C291 443 261 451 230 451C171 438 107 401 79 381C59 366 46 355 46 340C46 316 72 295 91 295C106 295 117 303 122 319C131 350 139 371 152 384C163 397 178 404 197 404C246 404 281 365 281 293V278C260 262 186 232 124 213C69 194 41 161 41 112C41 47 92 -12 163 -12C195 -12 243 25 283 51C288 35 293 22 308 7C319 -4 339 -12 354 -12L442 39ZM281 87C262 68 226 51 199 51C169 51 129 74 129 126C129 162 151 181 190 198C211 208 259 229 281 240V87ZM331 512C291 568 259 621 228 677H199C169 621 134 566 95 512L124 492C157 523 186 556 213 589C240 556 269 523 302 492L331 512Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,11.158,3.132)"><path d="M601 496C596 555 591 627 591 675H567C551 656 544 650 516 650H120C91 650 79 651 64 675H41C38 619 34 555 29 492H63C75 537 83 566 96 582C110 604 128 612 207 612H272V126C272 46 264 38 170 33V0H464V33C368 38 359 48 359 126V612H430C502 612 520 605 535 582C547 566 556 541 567 492L601 496ZM439 828C398 809 356 787 315 764C274 789 231 809 190 828L172 797C217 762 262 731 302 688H327C367 731 412 762 457 797L439 828Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,16.599,3.132)"><path d="M303 37L293 66C280 59 256 49 231 49S173 63 173 143V396H281C294 404 298 428 287 439H173V575L158 577L92 509V439H46L17 408L22 396H92V107C92 27 128 -12 192 -12C203 -12 218 -9 237 2L303 37ZM278 707C259 707 240 693 240 668C240 652 247 643 254 640C274 633 287 623 287 600C287 576 272 559 240 542L251 510C303 526 343 558 343 622C343 671 313 707 278 707Z"></path></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center"><svg height="13.3154pt" id="M48" style="vertical-align:-4.679501pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 14.7165 13.3154" width="14.7165pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M686 28C612 35 607 44 591 112C563 234 541 360 519 489L489 666L457 658L147 121C100 40 89 36 24 28L17 0H240L250 28C168 34 159 41 190 101L262 237H482C495 180 503 137 510 91C517 47 514 35 441 28L433 0H677L686 28ZM475 280H285L429 541H431L475 280Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,10.244,3.132)"><path d="M167 -163V704H103V-163H167ZM317 -163V704H253V-163H317Z"></path></g></svg> (MHz)</td><td class="align_center"><svg height="11.9316pt" id="M49" style="vertical-align:-3.2957pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 23.5766 11.9316" width="23.5766pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M686 28C612 35 607 44 591 112C563 234 541 360 519 489L489 666L457 658L147 121C100 40 89 36 24 28L17 0H240L250 28C168 34 159 41 190 101L262 237H482C495 180 503 137 510 91C517 47 514 35 441 28L433 0H677L686 28ZM475 280H285L429 541H431L475 280Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,10.244,3.132)"><path d="M442 39L431 68C420 63 406 57 394 57C377 57 359 71 359 118V301C359 353 349 393 314 424C291 443 261 451 230 451C171 438 107 401 79 381C59 366 46 355 46 340C46 316 72 295 91 295C106 295 117 303 122 319C131 350 139 371 152 384C163 397 178 404 197 404C246 404 281 365 281 293V278C260 262 186 232 124 213C69 194 41 161 41 112C41 47 92 -12 163 -12C195 -12 243 25 283 51C288 35 293 22 308 7C319 -4 339 -12 354 -12L442 39ZM281 87C262 68 226 51 199 51C169 51 129 74 129 126C129 162 151 181 190 198C211 208 259 229 281 240V87ZM331 512C291 568 259 621 228 677H199C169 621 134 566 95 512L124 492C157 523 186 556 213 589C240 556 269 523 302 492L331 512Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,14.33,3.132)"><path d="M601 496C596 555 591 627 591 675H567C551 656 544 650 516 650H120C91 650 79 651 64 675H41C38 619 34 555 29 492H63C75 537 83 566 96 582C110 604 128 612 207 612H272V126C272 46 264 38 170 33V0H464V33C368 38 359 48 359 126V612H430C502 612 520 605 535 582C547 566 556 541 567 492L601 496ZM439 828C398 809 356 787 315 764C274 789 231 809 190 828L172 797C217 762 262 731 302 688H327C367 731 412 762 457 797L439 828Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,19.771,3.132)"><path d="M303 37L293 66C280 59 256 49 231 49S173 63 173 143V396H281C294 404 298 428 287 439H173V575L158 577L92 509V439H46L17 408L22 396H92V107C92 27 128 -12 192 -12C203 -12 218 -9 237 2L303 37ZM278 707C259 707 240 693 240 668C240 652 247 643 254 640C274 633 287 623 287 600C287 576 272 559 240 542L251 510C303 526 343 558 343 622C343 671 313 707 278 707Z"></path></g></svg> (MHz)</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="9"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Oil</td><td class="align_center">1.965</td><td class="align_center">1.986</td><td class="align_center">480</td><td class="align_center">157</td><td class="align_center">1.961</td><td class="align_center">1.982</td><td class="align_center">482</td><td class="align_center">157</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Asphaltenes</td><td class="align_center">1.9644</td><td class="align_center">1.986</td><td class="align_center">480</td><td class="align_center">157</td><td class="align_center">1.961</td><td class="align_center">1.9825</td><td class="align_center">475</td><td class="align_center">157</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Q1, Q10</td><td class="align_center">1.965</td><td class="align_center">1.986</td><td class="align_center">475</td><td class="align_center">157</td><td class="align_center">1.963</td><td class="align_center">1.9818</td><td class="align_center">460</td><td class="align_center">157</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="9"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<div>EPR parameters for vanadyls derived from the MATLAB EasySpin approximations [<a href="/journals/geofluids/2019/3812875/#B59" target="_blank">59</a>] of EPR spectra for two frequency ranges. Details of approximations are given in [<a href="/journals/geofluids/2019/3812875/#B49" target="_blank">49</a>-<a href="/journals/geofluids/2019/3812875/#B52" target="_blank">52</a>].</div>

Geofluids

tab2

Table 2

Table 2: High-Field (3.4 T) ENDOR Investigation of Asphaltenes in Native Oil and Vanadyl Complexes by Asphaltene Adsorption on Alumina Surface 