Research Article

Carbon and Hydrogen Isotopic Reversals in Highly Mature Coal-Derived Gases: A Case Study of Paleozoic Gases in the Southern Ordos Basin, China

Table 1

Composition and carbon isotopes of Paleozoic gas in Ordos Basin.

FieldWellStrataDepthMain component (%)δ13C (‰), VPDBδD (‰), VSMOWRare gasRo-DaiReference
CH4C2H6C3H8iC4H10nC4H10iC5H12nC5H12C5+CO2N2CH4C2H6C3H8C4H10CO2CH4C2H6C3H83He/4He40Ar/36Ar%

Yan’anSh2P2h96.680.730.090.020.061.411.07-29.2-30.7-31.9-12.9-168-1902.34The main component data and carbon and hydrogen isotope data are from Feng et al., [9]; the rare gas data are from this study.
Sh217P2h96.300.620.052.270.76-27.6-34.9-0.2-170-1833.04
Sh6P1s96.320.760.071.970.86-28.1-30.5-30.4-9.1-168-1872.80
Sh36P1s93.900.430.024.930.72-29.2-35.4-3.6-166-1822.34
Sh38P1s95.910.420.033.110.53-28.2-36.1-1.1-167-1852.75
Y127P1s93.450.430.035.720.37-29.3-33.7-30.7-0.2-168-1842.30
Sh210P1s93.390.430.035.860.30-29.7-34.9-34.5-0.1-168-1872.15
Sh212P1s93.240.410.025.630.69-29.7-35.1-34.5-0.7-167-1842.15
Sh209P1s89.900.420.029.080.57-28.9-34.7-170-1902.46
Sh217-1P1s94.450.300.024.790.43-29.3-34.02.4-167-1782.30
Sh225P1s93.870.420.035.010.67-28.8-34.1-0.9-163-1672.50
Sh231P1s93.140.400.025.960.47-29.4-34.4-34.00.2-168-1972.26
Sh12C2b95.310.530.043.510.59-30.6-37.2-35.8-0.6-165-1831.86
Sh37C2b96.600.420.032.740.22-30.8-37.1-37.3-2.1-170-1731.80
Sh48C2b94.890.520.044.290.25-29.9-36.51.7-163-1862.09
Sh56P1s95.960.480.030.000.003.000.47-28.2-35.0-33.7-1662.75
Y201P1s97.480.390.040.000.001.370.65-28.9-34.9-32.3-1662.46
Sh28-1P1s97.390.410.020.000.001.520.39-29.1-36.8-165-1892.38
Y186P1s95.980.420.020.000.002.970.40-28.1-36.4-35.5-1652.80
Sh26P1s97.150.370.020.000.002.140.24-29.2-35.5-1632.34
Sh25P1s95.840.430.020.000.003.150.48-28.6-36.2-166-1932.58
Y175C2b96.490.620.050.000.002.160.59-27.5-33.4-33.3-164-1783.09
Sh229P1s94.740.470.030.000.004.160.47-27.8-34.5-33.5-1672.94
Sh228P1s94.680.410.030.000.004.300.46-28.5-35.2-34.7-167-1862.62
Sh214P1s94.860.430.030.000.004.140.43-28.3-35.4-1682.71
Sh207P1s95.940.280.020.000.003.090.56-27.9-33.7-1672.89
Y161P1s95.370.470.030.000.003.530.47-28.2-34.5-1672.75
Standard deviation0.851.601.934.161.986.910.34

South Jingbian-upper PaleozoicTong25P2h4264790.812.680.600.120.120.060.030.000.784.86-21.0-21.1-22.28.89Database of EDRICOC
Shan281P2h352279.550.970.160.020.020.010.010.021.3018.06-31.3-35.5-32.91.67
Shan285C2b315094.851.250.140.020.020.000.000.013.370.26-33.6-33.9-33.01.14
Shan381P2h8334492.371.120.150.020.020.020.010.011.065.20-26.4-27.4-29.43.68
Su353P1s1349893.121.110.170.020.020.010.000.011.863.69-24.1-25.6-28.75.39
Shan438C2b352593.021.060.140.020.020.010.000.014.621.11-30.3-36.7-36.31.95
Shan303P2h8309388.470.900.200.020.020.010.000.002.028.36-27.7-31.8-29.33.01
Su222P1s1379593.010.950.170.010.020.010.000.011.424.41-27.2-28.6-30.43.24
Shan380P2h8330690.580.940.130.010.010.010.000.011.137.18-24.5-28.3-29.35.05
Shan437P2h8345380.740.760.200.010.010.000.000.002.2516.02-28.8-31.8-30.12.49
Shan135P2h8337895.800.990.130.010.030.010.000.001.151.88-25.9-29.0-30.13.98
Shan292P1s2336386.130.770.220.010.010.000.000.000.9911.86-26.8-31.2-29.33.47
Su243P2h8403892.810.800.140.010.010.000.000.000.565.51-26.2-28.9-30.63.82
Shan316P2h8321793.210.720.190.010.010.000.000.012.743.10-27.9-32.6-29.62.91
Shan428P1s1392790.200.670.110.010.010.000.000.023.215.79-28.1-29.2-29.32.82
Shan340P2h8304666.020.470.090.010.010.000.000.010.7132.68-26.9-32.2-29.73.39
Shan339P1s2352793.310.590.100.020.020.010.010.003.342.58-29.1-34.22.39
Su127P2h8389994.460.630.100.010.010.000.000.021.203.59-29.0-33.7-34.12.42
Yi6P2h8214965.720.400.040.000.000.000.000.000.1433.70-32.3-36.81.42
Shan341P1s2318893.770.440.090.010.020.010.010.003.092.55-28.0-35.72.84
Shan323P1s1375193.700.500.070.010.010.000.000.003.662.06
Shan441P2h8326695.130.470.050.000.000.000.000.012.661.68-27.0-31.5-28.73.37
Shan429P1s2314693.520.460.040.000.000.000.000.002.723.25-28.8-34.2-35.52.51
Shan383P2h8316089.970.410.050.000.000.000.000.024.265.31-27.4-32.0-29.63.12
Shan383P1s1321492.710.410.050.000.000.000.000.003.153.67-27.5-32.2-29.83.10
Shan441P1s2338992.780.330.030.000.000.000.000.003.673.16-27.0-31.5-28.73.37
Shan429P1s2323293.420.360.020.000.000.000.000.003.342.86-29.8-35.7-30.52.12
Yi8P1s2216491.820.230.020.000.000.000.000.000.427.51-31.3-31.4-30.81.66
Shan371P2h8392193.330.220.020.000.000.000.000.004.611.82-32.5-34.3-30.11.37
Shan340C2b318677.560.170.000.000.000.000.000.001.2121.05-28.8-32.0-31.22.51
G69-9C3P2h894.950.720.0900.010003.310.85-27.6-29.3-30-9.2-157-163-1783.04This study
G69-9C4P2h895.540.840.090.010.010002.640.79-27.2-28.4-29.6-5.3-158-165-1673.24
Standard deviation2.573.432.532.760.711.417.781.45

South Jingbian-lower PaleozoicG69-9O1m591.160.310.0307.980.48-32.1-33.5-29.4-0.7-157-191-1561.46This study
G71-13O1m593.650.320.01000005.420.54-32.5-37.5-32.2-1.9-159-185-941.36
JN57-9H1O1m591.790.330.04000007.430.37-31.8-1661.53
JN57-9H2O1m591.640.320.04000007.610.36-32-1661.48
JN57-9H3O1m591.510.320.04000007.60.5-32.9-34.3-27.510.9-157-178-1631.28
G19-15O1m593.180.600.060.010.005.800.31-29.1-33.8-30.6-0.4-169-184-1862.38Dai et al., [16]
G19-13O1m593.320.700.070.010.015.550.31-27.0-32.7-30.1-27.7-0.5-167-184-1893.35
Shan133O1m51,4337093.220.490.05005.880.3-29.6-35-29.7-168-190-1832.19
Shan62O1m5371596.550.550.070.010.01-32.7-33.1-304.10727.001.32
Shan13O1m51-2,4354094.20.560.07004.820.27-31-32.5-29.4-167-178-1811.74
Shan95O1m51-2345595.251.020.110.010.0130.52-27.4-28.1-27.1-27.6-2.8-168-176-1873.14
Shan52O1m51345093.080.50.070.010.016.180.12-32.9-33.8-28.9-23.9-171-181-1901.28
Shan30O1m51-4359495.230.430.05002.811.44-32.8-33-251.30
Shan89O1m51-2/93.350.740.090.010.015.640.13-32.5-32.8-28.8-24.6-2.3-169-173-1756.08614.001.36
Yu70O1m5276297.811.070.400.070.100.010.010.010.44/-30.83-33.6-28.31.79Database of EDRICOC
Shan339O1m5360693.510.720.130.020.020.010.010.013.432.12-31.59-37.3-29.41.58
Shan430O1m5395955.540.270.050.000.010.000.000.0131.5412.58-31.21-32.7-26.21.68
Shan323O1m5389591.140.400.060.010.010.010.000.005.932.43-33.39-35.9-30.11.18
Shan438O1m5348694.920.410.030.000.000.000.000.003.990.63-31.73-37.8-33.31.55
Shan265O1m5345096.090.380.060.000.010.000.000.004.260.25-30.98-37.3-32.81.75
Shan430O1m5399479.630.290.040.000.000.000.000.016.2513.78-32.16-33.8-27.41.44
Shan434O1m5355892.740.350.030.000.000.000.000.014.072.77-31.56-35.8-30.61.59
Shan441O1m5348685.030.210.040.020.030.020.010.0014.650.00-32.16-36.8-29.71.44
Shan373O1m5400392.360.300.030.000.000.000.000.005.931.37-32.70-33.6-25.61.32
Shan322O1m5396585.010.250.030.010.010.000.000.002.0712.63-34.04-37.9-33.41.06
Su222O1m5400192.260.270.030.000.000.000.000.005.671.76-32.68-34.2-30.01.32
Shan377O1m5330595.860.270.030.000.000.000.000.002.801.05-32.92-36.51.27
Su222O1m5394290.870.240.030.000.000.000.000.004.824.04-31.80-33.6-29.61.53
Shan323O1m5393693.290.250.020.000.000.000.000.006.440.00-34.41-36.3-31.31.00
Su127O1m5407284.280.190.010.000.000.000.000.007.418.11-32.72-35.7-30.61.32
Su379O1m5381089.400.050.000.000.000.000.000.007.982.57-36.48-39.40.71
Yu70O1m5276297.811.070.400.070.100.010.010.010.44/-30.83-33.6-28.31.79
Shan339O1m5360693.510.720.130.020.020.010.010.013.432.12-31.59-37.3-29.41.58
Shan430O1m5395955.540.270.050.000.010.000.000.0131.5412.58-31.21-32.7-26.21.68
Shan323O1m5389591.140.400.060.010.010.010.000.005.932.43-33.39-35.9-30.11.18
Shan438O1m5348694.920.410.030.000.000.000.000.003.990.63-31.73-37.8-33.31.55
Shan265O1m5345096.090.380.060.000.010.000.000.004.260.25-30.98-37.3-32.81.75
Shan430O1m5399479.630.290.040.000.000.000.000.016.2513.78-32.16-33.8-27.41.44
Shan434O1m5355892.740.350.030.000.000.000.000.014.072.77-31.56-35.8-30.61.59
Shan441O1m5348685.030.210.040.020.030.020.010.0014.650.00-32.16-36.8-29.71.44
Shan373O1m5400392.360.300.030.000.000.000.000.005.931.37-32.70-33.6-25.61.32
Shan322O1m5396585.010.250.030.010.010.000.000.002.0712.63-34.04-37.9-33.41.06
Su222O1m5400192.260.270.030.000.000.000.000.005.671.76-32.68-34.2-30.01.32
Shan377O1m5330595.860.270.030.000.000.000.000.002.801.05-32.92-36.51.27
Su222O1m5394290.870.240.030.000.000.000.000.004.824.04-31.80-33.6-29.61.53
Shan323O1m5393693.290.250.020.000.000.000.000.006.440.00-34.41-36.3-31.31.00
Su127O1m5407284.280.190.010.000.000.000.000.007.418.11-32.72-35.7-30.61.32
Su379O1m5381089.400.050.000.000.000.000.000.007.982.57-36.48-39.40.71
Standard deviation1.722.212.191.984.764.855.8929.140.48

ShenmuShuang10-13P2h299091.554.660.950.220.190.100.050.231.620.41-35.9-23.5-22.3-22.2-198-157-1520.78This study
Shuang10-3P1s1287891.334.951.030.190.200.090.040.191.560.38-36.5-24.8-23.7-23.0-196-161-1590.71
Shuang10-5P2h8288892.173.780.750.160.150.070.030.142.220.51-36.1-23.8-22.8-22.0-195-157-1560.76
Shuang10-9P2h8310591.624.180.850.190.170.080.040.132.280.44-36.5-23.5-22.3-21.7-199-157-1540.71
Shuang11-15C1P2h8300891.344.200.880.180.170.080.040.262.500.33-36.4-23.3-22.3-21.7-200-159-1560.72
Shuang11-15C3P2h8320691.693.810.760.160.150.080.040.252.740.29-36-23.2-22.2-21.5-200-158-1580.77
Shuang11-4C5P2h299089.426.921.530.250.270.120.070.220.570.57-36.8-25.4-24.2-23.8-198-161-1550.68
Shuang19-12P2h8299692.173.090.600.140.110.060.030.163.360.26-35.9-23.2-21.8-21.1-193-156-1550.78
Shuang20P1t296091.374.400.800.140.150.070.040.212.460.34-36.2-25.8-24.2-23.5-193-163-1600.75
Shuang21-11P2h8298391.614.100.750.140.130.060.030.142.660.36-35.9-24.1-22.9-21.0-195-159-1570.78
Shuang3P1s2299091.494.480.880.200.170.090.040.212.170.24-36.7-23.2-22-21.7-199-156-1520.69
Shuang5-19P2h8314692.124.000.790.160.150.070.040.162.120.36-36.5-23.9-22.7-22.2-197-158-1570.71
Shuang6-18P2h8t285391.774.000.830.170.170.080.040.162.460.29-36.7-23.7-22.4-21.8-198-157-1560.69
Shuang6-19P2h8293391.654.280.890.180.180.090.040.152.260.25-37-23.8-22.4-21.9-201-161-1590.65
Shuang7-11P2h6287293.094.090.860.170.180.090.050.250.530.63-36.7-24.7-23.1-22.5-197-161-1550.69
Shuang7-12P2h308392.583.930.740.160.150.080.040.181.780.34-36.1-23.4-22.2-21.9-199-157-1550.76
Shuang8-12P2h292794.432.630.410.090.100.060.030.101.970.17-37.3-24.7-26.4-25.6-12.3-185-189-1780.62
Shuang8-17C3P2h302692.084.180.860.190.180.090.050.261.820.26-36.6-25.6-23.4-22.4-197-163-156+0.70
Shuang8-8P2h8289191.465.531.160.200.240.100.050.180.370.65-37.1-25.1-24.3-23.6-198-161-1580.64
Shuang9-11P2h8289191.444.420.880.210.180.090.040.242.220.26-36-23.1-22-21.7-199-156-1520.77
Shuang9-11H2P1t504391.973.390.610.140.110.060.030.193.210.26-35.6-22.8-22-21.0-198-155-1570.82
Shuang9-12P2h8289992.263.570.680.150.130.070.030.162.630.31-36.5-23.2-22.1-21.1-198-157-1560.71
Shuang9-13H2P1s2426491.344.771.060.250.220.110.050.261.610.30-36-23.2-22.1-21.9-198-156-1540.77
Shuang8-17c1P1s+P2h90.924.941.160.240.260.130.070.370.521.37-37.5-22.8-22.8-22.3-1.2-192-149-1460.60
Standard deviation0.490.901.061.067.853.407.005.460.06

SuligeSu53P1s, P2h86.058.362.170.370.440.0001.130.72-35.6-25.3-23.7-23.9-202-165-1600.82Dai et al., [16]
Su75P2h92.473.920.660.110.110.0001.301.10-33.2-23.8-23.4-22.4-194-163-1571.22
Su76P1s, P2h86.418.372.330.390.510.0000.131.21-35.1-24.6-24.4-24.4-203-165-1610.89
Su53-78-46HP1s, P2h89.826.211.240.220.240.0000.930.87-33.9-23.9-23.0-23.2-198-165-1561.09
Su75-64-5XP2h89.456.361.260.220.240.0000.130.93-33.5-24.0-23.3-22.8-199-167-1591.16
Su76-1-4P2h90.386.031.180.210.220.0000.820.71-32.7-23.6-22.9-23.0-198-168-1651.32
Zhao61P1s88.986.831.530.310.370.0000.550.85-33.2-23.5-23.3-23.2-194-159-1541.22
Mi37-13P1s94.193.770.530.110.090.0000.710.39-33.0-23.2-22.4-21.1-182-156-1451.26
Zhou35-28P1s294.812.970.440.060.070.0001.20.37-32.5-25.7-23.6-23.3-181-164-1571.36
Yu69P1s294.932.850.40.060.060.0001.270.35-32.8-26.3-24.1-21.7-179-162-1511.30
Mi38-13AP1s294.533.040.450.080.070.0001.340.37-33.1-25.0-22.8-22.0-181-155-1411.24
Zhou21-24P1s294.223.120.480.080.070.0001.580.32-32.7-25.1-23.2-22.2-183-163-1551.32
Yu45P1s294.173.120.480.080.080.0001.580.36-33.2-25.2-23.1-22.5-183-164-1551.22
Mi40-13P1s294.452.990.450.070.070.0001.520.32-32.8-25.3-23.3-22.4-183-167-1551.30
Zhou25-38P1s294.672.870.420.060.070.0001.40.38-32.6-25.7-23.3-22.9-185-165-1541.34
Su11-18-36P2h890.165.51.150.210.210.0001.470.94-33.0-23.3-22.3-22.9-196-165-1671.26
Su75-70-5x90.75.191.020.180.180.0001.480.93-32.8-23.6-23.1-22.7-196-166-1701.30
Su5588.967.071.470.220.270.0000.680.88-35.1-24.6-24.1-24.8-202-164-1730.89
Su76-15-1885.638.182.560.470.640.0000.411.29-35.7-25.3-24.8-24.8-205-164-1670.81
Sunan9-6188.285.491.160.740.230.0001.471.77-32.3-20.4-17.7-18.5-190-161-1551.41
Standard deviation1.061.311.411.388.753.417.860.19

South SuligeSu21P1s, P2h92.394.480.830.130.140.0000.990.68-33.4-23.4-23.8-22.7-194-167-1631.18Dai et al., [16]
Su95P2h92.243.950.660.110.110.0001.641.00-32.5-23.9-24.0-22.7-193-167-1601.36
Su139P1s, P2h93.163.050.510.070.070.0001.311.45-30.4-24.2-26.8-23.7-192-178-1801.92
Su336P1s, P2h90.201.400.150.020.010.0000.008.06-28.7-22.6-25.1-189-169-1682.54
Su14-0-31P1s, P2h93.004.050.650.110.100.0001.200.59-32.0-23.8-24.7-22.0-196-168-1721.48
Su48-2-86P1s92.854.000.630.110.100.0001.440.57-31.7-23.2-24.3-22.3-190-172-1701.55
Su48-14-76P1s, P2h92.733.480.650.130.110.0001.471.14-33.5-22.8-24.2-22.2-192-172-1711.16
Su48-15-68P2h892.793.280.610.110.120.0001.701.07-29.8-23.4-25.0-22.6-195-170-1722.12
Su77-2-5P2h89.905.531.240.240.270.0001.460.70-30.8-22.7-23.3-22.9-194-168-1641.80
Su77-6-8P2h889.905.801.240.220.240.0000.600.79-33.6-23.9-24.1-23.5-201-165-1651.14
Su120-52-82P1s, P2h91.643.690.640.110.100.0002.580.93-31.1-23.3-25.6-23.6-192-176-1791.71
Yu85P1s293.832.830.390.060.060.0001.221.48
Yu30P1s294.13.140.480.070.080.0001.620.38-33.1-23.0-23.4-21.7-183-161-1541.24
Su77-4-6P2h890.955.11.140.210.240.0000.210.93-33.5-23.7-24.0-23.3-198-161-1661.16
Su14-8-45P2h892.973.930.740.130.130.0001.10.77-33.2-24.3-24.3-23.0-188-170-1651.22
Su14-18-36P1s193.083.920.730.130.140.0001.130.66-33.4-24.0-24.3-22.8-190-170-1721.18
Su14-11-09P2h892.523.780.750.160.170.0001.181.1-31.6-24.0-24.2-22.6-188-167-1731.58
Su48-13-79C392.823.330.610.120.120.0001.551.18-30.2-22.9-23.4-21.9-187-171-1681.99
Su120-42-84P2h891.154.190.790.150.140.0002.251.04-31.9-23.6-24.7-22.7-190-165-1731.50
Sunan3-4579.774.530.960.230.170.0000.0413.93-31.3-22.1-22.8-20.7-188-166-1691.66
Standard deviation1.460.610.910.744.234.316.200.39

DaniudiD66-3P1h397.491.900.300.060.060.090.00-35.8-26.1-24.8-24.2-1810.80Dai et al., [16]
DK19P1h396.461.850.270.080.670.59-34.4-25.7-24.3-22.01.00
D16P1x394.372.520.260.060.090.371.96-34.7-26.7-26.7-24.40.95
DK13P1x394.491.710.310.070.282.55-34.7-25.6-24.2-22.40.95
DK14P1x393.941.790.270.080.262.98-35.0-25.6-24.2-22.40.91
DK30P1x185.732.830.500.080.100.101.83-34.3-25.9-25.3-25.4-1811.02
DP 14P1x187.918.072.320.340.430.420.00-37.4-25.7-25.3-24.6-2010.61
D66-28P1x188.877.941.860.280.300.420.00-37.7-25.2-24.2-23.4-1970.58
D1-1-154P1x190.496.231.590.250.310.640.10-37.1-25.9-26.5-24.5-1970.64
DK29P1x188.676.882.240.490.460.550.15-34.7-25.4-23.8-22.8-1890.95
D1-4-110P1s191.514.861.130.180.191.890.00-34.1-24.8-23.2-22.3-1861.05
D10P1s281.154.010.850.270.321.129.71-36.0-24.0-23.5-23.30.77
D1-4-107P1s289.306.392.310.440.420.650.00-33.3-24.8-23.0-22.6-1791.20
D24P1s287.956.921.830.450.630.331.49-36.7-25.4-25.0-24.50.69
D12-1P1s289.916.851.780.300.240.650.00-35.8-24.5-23.5-22.7-1930.80
D47--47C3t290.895.801.480.250.280.730.00-37.5-26.1-24.6-24.2-2040.60
D35C3t290.315.701.260.190.201.980.00-37.9-25.2-23.4-21.9-1970.56
D35-22C3t290.415.601.220.180.192.110.00-37.7-25.0-23.1-22.6-1950.58
ES193.963.620.870.140.230.200.81-33.5-25.1-24.6-23.6-11.6-189-168-1701.16This study
ES493.713.570.860.150.220.191.08-33.3-24.5-23.2-22.9-6.8-186-166-1721.20
Jin1193.693.570.870.140.201.34-33.8-25-24.5-23.6-187-171-1791.10
ESP293.743.640.850.120.171.32-33.2-25.3-24.9-24.4-190-173-1831.22
J11P4H93.873.710.920.130.190.031.04-33.1-25.1-24.6-23.6-189-170-1581.24
Jin2693.793.670.900.200.010.091.13-33.7-25.6-25.3-23.8-22.8-190-175-1621.12
DPS485.208.161.920.270.322.960.90-36.7-23.8-23.1-22.7-7.2-219-161-1380.69
DK1392.723.290.760.110.122.630.32-35.2-25.3-24.6-23.1-4.7-191-170-1510.88
DK395.202.870.550.080.080.520.78-35.6-25.1-22.7-23.0-12.4-193-166-1450.82
DK689.955.961.540.250.291.280.52-36.8-24.7-24.1-23.5-9.2-209-169-1580.68

The Ro-Dai was calculated by the formula [32].