Research Article

Seismological and Hydrogeological Controls on New Zealand-Wide Groundwater Level Changes Induced by the 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikōura Earthquake

Figure 3

Earthquake magnitude as a function of distance from epicentre, where a groundwater level response was observed. We collated New Zealand and global case studies. New Zealand studies include 2010 Darfield Mw 7.1 [23]; 2011 Christchurch Mw 6.2, 5.3, 6.0 [104]; and Cromwell Gorge [34]. International studies include 1999 Chi-Chi Mw 7.3 and 2006 Hengchun Mw 7.0 [82]; 2008 Wenchuan Mw 7.9 [37, 105]; 2011 Tohoku Mw 9.0 [106]; and 2013 Lushan Mw 6.6 [33]. Also included is a worldwide compilation of groundwater responses [84], responses from the extremely sensitive Devils Hole [75], and seismic energy density contours in J/m3 [40]. ChCh = Christchurch.