A Comparison of Simplified Modelling Approaches for Performance Assessment of Piles Subjected to Lateral Spreading of Liquefied Ground

Table 3

Main analysis parameters for piles.

Cross-section properties
Length	Outer diameter	Thickness	Young’s modulus,	Moment of inertia,
20 m	400 mm	65 mm	34.3 GPa	0.001025 m^4
Plastic hinge properties
Cracking moment,	Yielding moment,	Ultimate moment,	Residual moment,	Curvature ductility ratio,
83.3 kN-m	123.1 kN-m	136.8 kN-m	27.4 kN-m	20