Ground Subsidence Triggered by the Overexploitation of Aquifers Affecting Urban Sites: The Case of Athens Coastal Zone along Faliro Bay (Greece)

Table 1

Physical and mechanical properties of loose Quaternary coastal deposits [53–58].

	Silty clay			Silt			Silty sand
	Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) classification
	CL, CH			ML, CL-ML			SM
	Min	Max	Av.	Min	Max	Av.	Min	Max	Av.
	Physical parameters
Liquid limit, LL (%)	25	48.5	37.3	˗	˗	˗	˗	˗	˗
Plasticity index, PI (%)	9	29.5	18.9	˗	˗	˗	˗	˗	˗
	Mechanical parameters
UC strength, qu (KN/m^2)	28	150	77.7	20	44	33	21	36	28.5
Initial void ratio, eo	0.55	1.7	0.91	0.62	0.86	0.74	0.54	0.8	0.69
Compression index, Cc	0.2	0.8	0.42	0.06	0.23	0.14	˗	˗	˗
	Standard penetration test (SPT)
NSPT	2	14	6.5	3	42	17	10	46	23
	Triaxial test (UU)
Cohesion, C (KN/m^2)	6	82	23	5	56	22.5	1	30	14
Friction angle, (°)	1	23	7	19	40	31	30	42	36