Observed Performance and FEM-Based Parametric Analysis of a Top-Down Deep Excavation in Soil-Rock Composite Stratum

<div>Effects of embedded depth on the horizontal displacement and bending moment of the end-suspended pile. (a) Horizontal displacement. (b) Bending moment.</div>

Geofluids

fig21

Figure 21

Figure 21: Observed Performance and FEM-Based Parametric Analysis of a Top-Down Deep Excavation in Soil-Rock Composite Stratum 