Observed Performance and FEM-Based Parametric Analysis of a Top-Down Deep Excavation in Soil-Rock Composite Stratum

Table 2

Soil parameters adopted in finite element analysis.

Parameter	Miscellaneous fill	Heavily weathered granite	Moderately weathered granite	Moderately weathered granite
(kN/m^3)	17.5	23.5	24.5	25
(kN/m^3)	20	24.5	25	25.3
(MPa)	8	45	120	12000
(MPa/m)	0	0	0	500
	0.42	0.28	0.25	0.22
(kPa)	10	40	100	1800
(°)	8	25	35	45
(°)	0	0	5	13
	0.67	0.8	1	1

Note: : natural unit weight; : saturated unit weight; : modulus of elasticity; : incremental stiffness; : Poisson’s ratio; : cohesion; : angle of internal friction; : dilatancy angle; and : reduction factor for soil/structure interfacial shear strength.