Research Article
Postfailure Characterization of Shallow Landslides Using the Material Point Method
Table 1
Material properties for numerical model validation.
| | Parameters | Symbol | Sand | Steel frame | | Upper layer | Lower layer |
| | Material model | | Dry | Saturated | Dry | | Soil model | | MC | MC | Linear | | Porosity (-) | | 0.46 | 0.46 | — | | Solid density, (kg/m3) | | 2690 | 2690 | 7850 | | Liquid density, (kg/m3) | | — | 1000 | — | | Permeability, (m/s) | | — | | — | | Bulk modulus liquid, (kPa) | | — | | — | | Dynamic viscosity liquid (kPa.s) | | — | | — | | Young’s modulus, (kPa) | | 6000b | 6000b | | | Poisson’s ratio | | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.15 | | Effective cohesion (kPa) | | 0 | 0 | — | | Effective friction angle (o) | | 34 | 34 | — | | Dilatancy angle (o) | | 0 | 0 | — | | Tensile strength (kPa) | | 0 | 0 | — |
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a,bCalibration parameters to match the observed.
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