Numerical Investigation of the Landslide and Its Surge: A Case Study of the Gongjiafang Landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

Table 3

Empirical formulas for the maximum surge height caused by the landslide.

Method	Formula form	Variable description
S&V		is the length of the landslide, is the thickness of the landslide, is the average width of the landslide, is the water depth, ρ is the density of the landslide, ρw is the density of water, is the sliding velocity, and is the surge height.
IWHR		is the comprehensive influence coefficient, which takes the average value 0.12; is the volume of the landslide, and is the velocity of the landslide when entering the water.
Noda		amax is the maximum surge height, is the sliding velocity of the landslide, and is the water depth.
Pan	When the landslide enters the water mainly in horizontal motion: When the landslide enters the water mainly in vertical motion: The ξ0 function relationship can be expressed in sections as follows: (i) When ,; (ii) When , changes in a curve; (iii) When ,	ξ0 is the surge height, is the horizontal sliding velocity, is the vertical sliding velocity, and is the water depth.