Nexus between Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining and Livelihood in Prestea Mining Region, Ghana
Table 2
Characteristics of study participants by sex.
Variable
Category
Sex
value
Male
Female
Total
(%)
(%)
(%)
Place of residence
Bondaye
12 (15.2%)
12 (15.2%)
24 (30.4%)
0.989
Himan
13 (16.4%)
13 (16.5%)
26 (32.9%)
Prestea
15 (19.0%)
14 (17.7%)
29 (36.7%)
Total
40 (50.6%)
39 (49.4%)
79 (100%)
Age of respondents
Less than 21 years
2 (2.5%)
3 (3.8%)
5 (6.3%)
0.199
21–30 years
15 (19.0%)
10 (12.7%)
25 (31.6%)
31–40 years
19 (24.1%)
17 (21.5%)
36 (45.6%)
41–50 years
1 (1.3%)
7 (8.9%)
8 (10.1%)
51–60 years
3 (3.8%)
2 (2.5%)
5 (6.3%)
61 and above
0 (0%)
0 (0%)
0 (0%)
Total
40 (50.6%)
39 (49.4%)
79 (100%)
Status in the community
Native
13 (16.4%)
19 (24.1%)
32 (40.5%)
0.198
Migrant
15 (19.0%)
8 (10.1%)
23 (29.1%)
Settler
12 (15.2%)
12 (15.2%)
24 (30.4%)
Total
40 (50.6%)
39 (49.4%)
79 (100%)
Marital status
Single
20 (25.3%)
23 (29.1%)
43 (54.4%)
0.020
Married
20 (25.3%)
11 (13.9%)
31 (39.3%)
Divorced
0 (0%)
5 (6.3%)
5 (6.3%)
Total
40 (50.6%)
39 (49.4%)
79 (100%)
Occupation
Trading
8 (10.1%)
20 (25.3%)
28 (35.4%)
0.005
Teaching
5 (6.3%)
3 (3.8%)
8 (10.1%)
Mining
13 (16.4%)
2 (2.5%)
15 (19.0%)
Farming
1 (1.3%)
3 (3.8%)
4 (5.1%)
Others
13 (16.5%)
11 (13.9%)
24 (30.4%)
Total
40 (50.6%)
39 (49.4%)
79 (100%)
Educational level
Basic
17 (21.5%)
17 (21.5%)
34 (43.0%)
0.006
Secondary
13 (16.5%)
4 (5.1%)
17 (21.5%)
Tertiary
6 (7.6%)
4 (5.1%)
10 (12.7%)
Drop-out
4 (5.1%)
5 (6.3%)
9 (11.4%)
Never been to school
0 (0%)
9 (11.4%)
9 (11.4%)
Total
40 (50.6%)
39 (49.4%)
79 (100%)
Ethnicity
Akan
23 (29.1%)
32 (40.5%)
55 (69.6%)
0.110
Ewe
6 (7.6%)
2 (2.5%)
8 (10.1%)
Northerners
10 (12.7%)
4 (5.1%)
14 (17.7%)
Ga-Adangbe
1 (1.3%)
1 (1.3%)
2 (2.5%)
Total
40 (50.6%)
39 (49.4%)
79 (100%)
Religion
Christianity
31 (39.2%)
32 (40.5%)
63 (79.7%)
0.379
Islam
6 (7.6%)
7 (8.9%)
13 (16.5%)
African traditional
2 (2.5%)
0 (0%)
2 (2.5%)
Other
1 (1.3%)
0 (0%)
1 (1.3%)
Total
40 (50.6%)
39 (49.4%)
79 (100%)
Income level
Less than Gh¢ 100
4 (5.1%)
5 (6.3%)
9 (11.4%)
0.460
Gh¢ 100–400
20 (25.3%)
13 (16.5%)
33 (41.7%)
Gh¢ 401–1000
11 (13.9%)
16 (20.3%)
27 (34.2%)
Gh¢ 1001–2000
4 (5.1%)
5 (6.3%)
9 (11.4%)
Above Gh¢ 2000
1 (1.3%)
0 (0%)
1 (1.3%)
Total
40 (50.6%)
39 (49.4%)
79 (100%)
Number of years of stay in the community
Less than 5 yrs
7 (8.9%)
7 (8.9%)
14 (17.7%)
0.517
5–10 yrs
9 (11.4%)
4 (5.1%)
13 (16.5%)
11–15 yrs
4 (5.1%)
4 (5.1%)
8 (10.1%)
More than 15 yrs
20 (25.3%)
24 (30.4%)
44 (55.7%)
Total
40 (50.6%)
39 (49.4%)
79 (100%)
The Chi-square statistic is significant at the 0.05 level. The item validity for each variable is 100% (79) since the respondents answered all the questions.
