Review Article

Skewed Helper T-Cell Responses to IL-12 Family Cytokines Produced by Antigen-Presenting Cells and the Genetic Background in Behcet’s Disease

Figure 5

Two major TLR signaling pathways [48]. With TLR stimulation, except TLR3, APC produced proinflammatory cytokines through MyD88 and activated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK). APC produced type 1 IFN by utilizing of TRIF through TLR3 stimulation, an intracellular TLR. TIRAP: Toll/interleukin 1 receptor (TIR) domain containing adaptor protein, MyD88: myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88, TRIF: TIR domain-containing adaptor-inducing IFNβ, MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinases, and IFN: interferon.
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