Psychological Issues in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Overview

Table 1

Factors affecting QOL in patients with IBD.

	Factor	Study	Result
Disease-related factors	Disease activity	Vidal et al. [74]	Disease activity was one of strongest predictors of QOL impairments.
		Albersnagel and Dijkstra [72]	Disease activity adversely affects QOL of the patients.
		Haapamaki [71]	Disease activity was the most factors related to QOL impairment.
		Graff et al. [73]	Patients with active disease had poorer QOL scores, but participants with either active or inactive disease had suboptimal general QOL.
	Disease severity	Guthrie et al. [58]	Disease severity was one of factors contributed to impaired QOL.
	Disease type	Mikocka-Walus et al. [40]	CD patients tended to have poorer physical QOL than UC patients.
		Casellas et al. [70]	Disease type did not predict QOL scores.
		Guthrie et al. [58]	After controlling disease severity, there were no significant differences between CD and UC in QOL scores.
		Graff et al. [73]	Disease type was not contributor to QOL.
	History of surgery	Haapamaki [71]	Lower QOL scores were seen in those patients with a history of surgery.
	Disease chronicity	Haapamaki [71]	Lower QOL scores were seen in newly diagnosed patients.
		Casellas et al. [70]	Longer disease duration and lower recurrence/year index predicted a better QOL.
	Need for hospitalization	Casellas et al. [70]	Nonnecessity of hospitalization predicted a better QOL.
Demographic factors	Gender	Haapamaki [71]	Female had poorer QOL than men.
		Casellas et al. [70]	Female gender predicted a better QOL.
	Age	Haapamaki [71]	Older age patients had poorer QOL.
	Educational level	Casellas et al. [70]	Higher level of education predicted a better QOL.
Psychological factors	Personality	Vidal et al. [74]	Personality traits did not play a significant role in QOL.
		Moreno-Jiménez et al. [44]	Neuroticism and greater difficulty in describing feelings to others were related to poorer QOL.
	Psychological distress	Vidal et al. [74]	Psychological distress was one of strongest predictors of QOL impairments.
		Guthrie et al. [58]	Psychological symptoms were one of factors contributed to impaired QOL.
	Social support	Moradkhani [76]	Activity in online support groups was not related to QOL.