Prevention of Post-ERCP Pancreatitis

Table 1

Risk factors associated with the development of post-ERCP pancreatitis. Risk factors, apart from ampullectomy, are significant by multivariate analyses in prospective multicenter studies and by meta-analysis [3–6]. Ampullectomy is generally accepted to be a risk factor for pancreatitis. SOD: sphincter of Oddi dysfunction.

Patient-related factors	Procedure-related factors	Operator-related factors
Female	Precut sphincterotomy	Trainee involvement
SOD	Pancreatic duct injection
Previous pancreatitis	Balloon dilation of intact sphincter
Chronic pancreatitis absent	Pancreatic sphincterotomy
Younger age (<60 years)	Difficult cannulation
Normal bilirubin	Minor papilla sphincterotomy
	Pain during ERCP
	Ampullectomy