A Real World Report on Intravenous High-Dose and Non-High-Dose Proton-Pump Inhibitors Therapy in Patients with Endoscopically Treated High-Risk Peptic Ulcer Bleeding

Table 1

Univariate analysis of demographic and clinical characteristics of non-rebleeding and rebleeding patients.

Variables	Non-rebleeding group (𝑛=177)	Rebleeding group (𝑛=43)	P-value
Age (years)	63.4±13.7	65.2±13.5	0.941
Female gender, 𝑛 (%)	50 (28.2)	21 (48.8)	0.010^*
Creatinine (mg/dL)	2.0±2.3	3.1±3.2	<0.001^*
Hb (g/L)	97.8±29.4	83.1±23.4	0.074
Platelet (×10^9/L)	194.8±84.1	183.4±147.5	0.113
Use of NSAIDs, 𝑛 (%)	12 (6.8)	2 (4.7)	0.608
Use of aspirin, 𝑛 (%)	31 (17.5)	1 (2.3)	0.011^*
Use of clopidogrel, 𝑛 (%)	18 (10.2)	5 (11.6)	0.779
Use of warfarin, 𝑛 (%)	7 (4.0)	3 (7.0)	0.393
Coexisting illness, 𝑛 (%)
CKD III to V	73 (41.2)	26 (60.5)	0.013^*
COPD	6 (3.4)	5 (11.6)	0.026^*
CAD	29 (16.4)	8 (18.6)	0.727
DM	48 (27.1)	18 (41.9)	0.058
CVA	26 (14.7)	8 (18.6)	0.524
Liver cirrhosis	32 (18.1)	7 (16.3)	0.782
High stigmata, 𝑛 (%)	173 (97.7)	41 (95.3)	0.388
Forrest classification Ia/Ib/IIa/IIb/IIc/III	9/100/18/45/5/0	5/31/1/5/0/1
Shock on admission, 𝑛 (%)	89 (50.3)	23 (53.5)	0.706
Rockall score ≧6, 𝑛 (%)	105 (59.3)	36 (83.7)	0.003^*
Time to endoscope (h)	14.3±17.5	19.9±20.2	0.129
Hemostasis methods A/B/C/D/E/F	62/48/11/50/2/4	11/14/0/15/2/1
Ulcer size (cm)	1.0±0.7	0.9±0.6	0.973
Multiple ulcers, 𝑛 (%)	58 (32.8)	18 (41.9)	0.261
PRBC BT (mL)	879.9±966.4	3220.9±2824.3	<0.001^*
Surgery, 𝑛 (%)	0	2 (4.7)	0.004^*
Hospital stay (days)	10.6±12.4	24.6±18.6	<0.001^*
Mortality, 𝑛 (%)	8 (4.5)	9 (20.9)	0.001^*
Bleeding related/other causes	1/7	3/6

PPI: proton-pump inhibitors, Hb: hemoglobin, CKD: chronic kidney disease, NSAID: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, PPI: proton-pump inhibitor, DM: diabetes mellitus type 2, COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CAD: coronary artery disease, CVA: cerebrovascular accident, BT: blood transfusion, PPI: proton pump inhibitor, Hemostasis methods A/B/C/D/E/F: Bosmin plus APC/heat probe=A, APC/heat probe=B, Hemoclip=C, Bosmin plus hemoclip=D, APC/heat probe plus hemoclip=E, APC plus hemoclip plus Bosmin=F, APC: argon plasma coagulation. ^*𝑃<0.05.