Improvement of Sepsis by Hepatocyte Growth Factor, an Anti-Inflammatory Regulator: Emerging Insights and Therapeutic Potential

Table 3

Landmark studies to demonstrate the therapeutic effect of HGF on sepsis-related MOF in animal models.

Target disease	Animal model	Dose and routes	Outocomes	References
Liver:
Septic fulminant hepatitis	LPS + GalN (mouse)	rh-HGF 3 mg/kg/d, ip	Inhibition of hepatic failure, anti-apoptosis,; improved survival	Kosai et al. [40]
Septic fulminant hepatitis	LPS + GalN (rat)	Adeno-HGF, ip	Improved survival,; anti-apoptosis, hepatoprotection	Nomi et al. [64]
Septic hepatitis	LPS (mouse)	rh-HGF 1 mg/kg, sc	Anti-apoptosis,; HO-1 induction, IL-10 upregulation,; IL-6 downregulation	Kamimoto et al. [28]
Septic hepatitis	LPS (rat)	HGF-producing; cell implantation	Anti-coagulation, hepatoprotection	Seto et al. [44]
				Kaido et al. [65]
Septic hepatitis	LPS (rat)	rh-HGF 1 mg/kg, iv	Hepatocyte replication	Gao et al. [66]
Septic hepatitis	CPL (rat)	rh-HGF 1 mg/kg, iv	Improved survival,; anti-coagulation, hepatoprotection	Kondo et al. [45]
Kidney:
Septic ARF	LPS (mouse)	rh-HGF 1 mg/kg, sc	Improved survival,; inhibition of ARF, reduced tubular injury,; HO-1 induction	Kamimoto et al. [29]
Albuminuria	LPS (mouse)	rh-HGF 1 mg/kg, sc	Anti-inflammation,; reduced albuminuria,; nephrin preservation, podocyte protection	Kato et al. [56]
Lung:
Septic ARDS	LPS (mouse)	rh-HGF 1 mg/kg, sc	Suppressed edema,; reduced neutrophils, alveoloprotection,; HO-1 induction	Kamimoto et al. [29]
Acute lung injury	LPS (mouse)	rh-HGF 1 mg/kg, iv	Enhancement of alveolar cell replication	Gao et al. [66]

GalN: D-galactosamine; rh-HGF: recombinant human HGF; Adeno-HGF: adenovirus vector carrying HGF cDNA; CPL: cecal ligation and puncture; sc, subcutaneous injection; iv: intravenous injection; ip: intraperitoneal injection. For other abbreviations, see text.