Incidence, Mortality, and Predictive Factors of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
Table 2
Comparison of clinicopathological characteristics between patients who had developed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and those who had not developed HCC at follow-up.
Overall
Female
Patients who had developed HCC at follow-up
Patients who had not developed HCC at follow-up
Patients who had developed HCC at follow-up
Patients who had not developed HCC at follow-up
Number of patients
13
166
11
144
Number of male patients
2
22
0.687
NA
NA
NA
Age of Dx of PBC (years)*
63 (46–77)
56 (22–85)
0.072
63 (46–77)
56 (24–85)
0.049
PBC Stage at Dx of PBC (I/II/III/IV)
2/4/3/4
99/38/16/13
0.004
2/3/3/3
86/34/14/10
0.011
Number of symptomatic patients
8
45
0.022
7
42
0.037
Pruritus
4
33
0.474
4
32
0.282
Jaundice
1
8
0.501
1
6
0.409
Ascites
0
3
1
0
3
1
Varices
5
12
0.003
4
11
0.013
Biochemical data
AST (IU/L)*
78 (30–231)
46 (16–258)
0.088
77 (30–231)
46 (16–258)
0.15
ALT (IU/L)*
51 (22–319)
45 (10–329)
0.644
47.5 (22–319)
41 (10–329)
0.761
ALP (IU/L)*
402.5 (175–1185)
543.5 (94–2985)
0.314
402.5 (175–1185)
543.5 (112–2985)
0.489
GTP (IU/L)*
174.5 (16–470)
173.5 (13–1349)
0.285
114 (16–470)
173.5 (13–1004)
0.181
lgG (mg/dL)*
2165 (1030–4532)
1655 (778–3900)
0.021
2165 (1030–4532)
1660 (778–3900)
0.049
lgM (mg/dL)*
405 (136–918)
351.5 (48–1660)
0.364
359.5 (136–918)
336 (48–1660)
0.352
Alb (g/dL)*
3.7 (1.9–4.6)
4.2 (2.0–5.1)
0.016
4.0 (1.9–4.6)
4.2 (2.0–5.0)
0.085
T-Bil (mg/dL)*
0.7 (0.3–2.5)
0.7 (0.1–6.3)
0.925
0.7 (0.3–2.5)
0.7 (0.1–6.3)
0.888
Plt (×104/L)*
12.4 (5.3–24.4)
21.4 (5.3–58.1)
0.001
12.3 (5.3–21.8)
21.0 (5.3–48.6)
0.001
PT (%)*
96.5 (57.0–117.0)
100.9 (44.0–139.0)
0.204
93.0 (57.0–117.0)
100.9 (44.0–139.0)
0.123
ANA positive
7
106
0.658
6
98
0.579
Brinkman index*
0 (0–400)
0 (0–1575)
0.175
0 (0-0)
0 (0–940)
0.12
Number of patients with a history of blood transfusion
3
20
0.415
3
17
0.285
Number of patients with a history of drinking
0
11
1
0
7
1
Number of patients with a familial history of malignancy
3
61
0.359
2
56
0.261
Number of patients with a familial history of liver disease
1
25
0.764
0
24
0.337
Number of patients with DM
2
17
0.632
2
14
0.317
Number of patients with HT
5
27
0.059
4
22
0.09
Number of patients with HL
3
40
1
3
34
0.725
Number of patients with autoimmune disease
5
53
0.759
5
51
0.528
Sjogren’s syndrome
2
24
1
2
24
1
Hashimoto's disease
3
15
0.128
3
15
0.12
Rheumatoid arthritis
1
15
1
1
14
1
Scleroderma
0
15
0.606
0
15
0.602
Systemic lupus erythematosus
0
2
1
0
1
1
BMI*
24.3 (13.8–27.4)
22.6 (14.3–33.1)
0.341
24.3 (15.8–27.4)
22.6 (16.0–32.5)
0.536
Number of patients with medications
UDCA/BF/UDCA + BF/none
13/0/0/0
131/1/29/5
0.388
11/0/0/0
116/1/22/5
0.512
Number of patients with biochemical response to UDCA and of those with medications
*Data expressed as median (range); Alb: albumin; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; AMA: anti-mitochondrial antibody; ANA: antinuclear antibody; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; BF: bezafibrate; BMI: body mass index; CT: computer tomography; DM: diabetes mellitus; Dx: diagnosis; -GTP: -glutamyltranspeptidase; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; HT: hypertension; HL: hyperlipidemia; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; NA: not applcable; PBC: primary biliary cirrhosis; Plt: platelet; PT: prothrombin time; T-Bil: total bilirubin; UDCA: ursodeoxycholic acid; US: ultrasonography. †Responses were defined as biochemical response to UDCA according to the Barcelona, Paris, Rotterdam, and Toronto definitions. ‡These modalities were alternately applied to the patients.
