The Significance of Serum CA-125 Elevation in Chinese Patients with Primary Budd-Chiari Syndrome: A Multicenter Study

Table 2

Risk factors present in 243 patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome (patients could have more than one factor registered).

Risk factors		%
Thrombophilia
Myeloproliferative disorder^*	9/167	5.1
Polycythaemia vera rubra	4/167	2.3
Essential thrombocythemia	3/167	1.7
JAK2 mutation	9/167	5.1
Factor V Leiden mutation	0/167	0.0
Prothrombin G20210A mutation	0/167	0.0
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria	1/167	0.6
Protein C deficiency^#	1/120	0.8
Protein S deficiency^#	0/120	0.0
Antithrombin deficiency^#	0/120	0.0
Antiphospholipid antibodies	43/243	17.7
Hyperhomocysteinemia^##	51/243	21.0
Systemic
Systemic lupus erythematosus	2/243	0.8
Ulcerative colitis	1/243	0.4
Phlebitis	3/243	1.2
Ankylosing spondylitis	1/243	0.4
Hormonal factors (women only)
Oral contraceptive use	1/96	1.0
Pregnancy within 3 months before diagnosis	3/96	3.1
MO^###	141/243	58.0
MOVC^a	16/243	6.6
MOHV^b	27/243	11.1
MOVC and hepatic vein involved	98/243	40.3
Idiopathic	47/243	19.3

9 cases of JAK2 mutation, including four cases of polycythemia vera and three cases of essential thrombocythemia.
^#Deficiency was diagnosed as nonacquired only if 1 protein was deficient, the result occurred in the absence of anticoagulants or oral contraceptive use, and the patient did not have liver dysfunction (bilirubin level 2 times the upper limit of normal).
^##When the blood homocysteine concentrations were higher than 15 umol/L.
^###MO = membranous obstruction.
^aMOVC = membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava.
^bMOVH = membranous obstruction of the hepatic venous.