Clinical Study
Outcomes and Risk Factors Associated with Clostridium difficile Diarrhea in Hospitalized Adult Patients
Table 2
Factors associated with Clostridium difficile infection in adult patients with hospital-acquired diarrhea according to univariate logistic regression.
| Variable | CDI group () | Control group () | OR (95% CI) | P value |
| Charlson comorbidity index, median (IQR) | 3.0 (2.0–5.0) | 2.0 (1.0–5.0) | 1.68 (0.66–4.24) | 0.22 | HIV infection | 5 (6.6) | 15 (20.0) | 0.28 (0.07–0.89) | 0.01 | Institutionalization | 1 (1.3) | 3 (4.0) | 0.32 (0.006–4.17) | 0.31 | Proton pump inhibitor use | 53 (70.6) | 44 (58.6) | 1.69 (0.81–3.54) | 0.12 | Enteral tube feeding | 30 (40.0) | 25 (33.3) | 1.33 (0.64–2.74) | 0.39 | Cytotoxic chemotherapy in the previous 6 weeks | 19 (25.3) | 13 (17.3) | 1.61 (0.68–3.90) | 0.23 | Hospitalization in the previous 6 months | 49 (65.3) | 48 (64.0) | 1.06 (0.51–2.18) | 0.86 | Gastrointestinal surgery in the previous 30 days | 7 (9.3) | 5 (6.6) | 1.44 (0.37–6.03) | 0.54 | Antibiotic treatment in the previous 30 days | 73 (97.3) | 62 (82.6) | 7.65 (1.61–71.61) | 0.002 | Fever | 17 (22.6) | 12 (16.0) | 1.53 (0.62–3.84) | 0.30 | Lethargy | 4 (5.3) | 2 (2.6) | 2.05 (0.28–23.29) | 0.40 | Dehydration | 9 (12.0) | 6 (8.0) | 1.56 (0.46–5.65) | 0.41 | Tachycardia | 5 (6.6) | 3 (4.0) | 1.71 (0.31–11.41) | 0.46 | Abdominal pain | 26 (34.6) | 26 (34.6) | 1.00 (0.48–2.06) | 1.00 | Abdominal distension | 24 (32.0) | 10 (13.3) | 3.05 (1.26–7.79) | 0.006 | Anorexia | 6 (8.0) | 17 (22.6) | 0.29 (0.09−0.86) | 0.01 | Nausea | 7 (9.3) | 14 (18.6) | 0.44 (0.14–1.28) | 0.09 | Hematochezia | 6 (8.0) | 2 (2.6) | 3.17 (0.54–32.94) | 0.14 | Leukocytosis or leukopenia | 38 (50.6) | 27 (36.4) | 1.78 (0.88–3.63) | 0.08 | Initial serum lactate, mmol/L, median (IQR) | 1.1 (0.85–2.2) | 0.75 (0.6–0.95) | 0.40 (0.59–1.81) | 0.10 | Initial plasma CPR, mg/L, median (IQR) | 70.5 (36.0–157.0) | 80.5 (35.0–141.0) | 1.001 (0.99–1.006) | 0.38 | Hypoalbuminemia | 44 (58.6) | 49 (65.3) | 1.01 (0.45–2.27) | 0.96 | Presence of fecal leukocytes | 9 (12.0) | 3 (4.0) | 4.35 (1.11–17.05) | 0.03 |
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Data presented as (%) unless otherwise indicated. CDI: Clostridium difficile infection; CPR: C-reactive protein; OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; IQR: interquartile range (P25–P75). Initial plasma albumin level < 3 g/dL.
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