Rescue Therapy with a Proton Pump Inhibitor Plus Amoxicillin and Rifabutin for Helicobacter pylori Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 1

Characteristics of studies included meta-analysis.

Study, year	Age	Location	Control group (day)	Rifabutin group (day)^†	Hp infection diagnosis/rechecking^●	Eradication rate by ITT (control/rifabutin)^Ф	Eradication rate by PP (control/rifabutin)^◊	Side effects (control/rifabutin)	Therapy^#	Risk of bias assessment	MINORS score
Fiorini et al. [14], 2013	Adults	Italy	EAL-10	ERA-12	H/13C-UBT	90.0% (118/131)/88.6% (93/105)	92.2% (118/128)/90.3% (93/103)	15.3% (20)/0	Rescue	—	19
Navarro-Jarabo et al. [15], 2007	Adults	Spain	OBTM-7	ORA-7	H/UBT	70.40% (38/54)/44.40% (20/45)	77.10% (38/48)/46.50% (20/43)	64% (35)/44% (20)	Second	YYYNYY	—
Miehlke et al. [16], 2006	Adults	Germany	OA-14	ERA20	C/(H/C13-UBT)	69.50% (50/72)/74% (54/73)	74.60% (50/67)/78.30% (54/69)	5%/2%	Second or third	YYUNYY	—
Qasim et al. [17], 2005	Adults	Ireland	PPI-FA-7	PPI-RA-10	C13-UBT/C13-UBT	60% (6/10)/38% (13/34)	—/—	0/0	Third	—	15
Gisbert et al. [18], 2006	Adults	Spain	OAL-10	ORA-10	C13-UBT/C13-UBT/	85% (17/20)/45% (13/16)	81.00% (9/20)/45% (13/16)	10/12	Third	—	18
Perri et al. [19], 2001	Adults	Italy	PBMT-10	PRA150-10PRA300-10	C13-UBT/C13-UBT	67% (30/45)/86.6% (39/45)	73% (30/41)/86.6% (39/45)	21/5	Rescue	YYYNYY	—
Gisbert et al. [20], 2004	Adult	Spain	OAC-7, OBMT-7, OBAC-14	ORA-14	C13-UBT/C13-UBT	70.5% (24/34)/71.4% (10/14)	70.5% (24/34)/72.30% (10/13)	10	Third	—	14
Gisbert et al. [21], 2008	Adults	Spain	RBC-MT-7, OLA-(7–10),	PRA-10	C13-UBT/C13-UBT	Third: 58% (7/12), 76.7% (56/73)/54.9% (28/51)Fourth: 100% (2/2), 75% (9/12)/71.4% (5/7)	—	—	Third or fourth	—	12

E: esomeprazole, O: omeprazole, PPI: proton pump inhibitor, P: pantoprazole, RBC: ranitidine bismuth citrate, B: bismuth, A: amoxicillin, L: levofloxacin, R: rifabutin, T: tetracycline, M: metronidazole, F: furazolidone, and C: clarithromycin.
C: culture; UBT: urea breath test; H: histology.
^ФITT: intention to treat; ^◊PP: per protocol.
The six letters in the risk of bias assessment columns stand for bias of sequence generation, allocation concealment, blinding of participants, blinding of outcome assessors, incomplete outcome data, and selective outcome reporting, respectively. Y: a low risk of bias; N: a high risk of bias; U: an uncertain risk of bias.
Rescue: rescue therapy, second: second-line therapy, third: three-line therapy, fourth: fourth-line therapy.
“—”: not reported.