Diabetes and Insulin Therapy, but Not Metformin, Are Related to Hepatocellular Cancer Risk

Table 3

Distribution^a of 224 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases and 389 controls and corresponding odds ratios^b (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), according to the combination of smoking and diabetes (Italy, 2005–2012).

Tobacco smoking	History of diabetes
	Cases : controls, OR (95% CI)
	No	Yes
Never	62 : 178	24 : 29
	1^c	1.54 (0.79–2.99)
Ever	90 : 154	44 : 21
	1.82 (1.14–2.90)	6.61 (3.31–13.25)

^aThe sum does not add up to the total because of some missing values.
^bEstimates adjusted for age, sex, and alcohol drinking.
^cReference category.