Infections Requiring Hospitalization as Predictors of Pediatric-Onset Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis

Table 2

Adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals for the association of hospitalized infections with risk of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis by timing and type of infection.

Timing of infection	Type of infection	Controls, %	Cases, %	Adjusted OR	Antibiotics adjusted OR
				95% CI	95% CI
Crohn’s disease
Recent	All	0.2	1.4	6.3 (1.6–23.9)	NE^†
	Nonintestinal	0.2	0.9	5.6 (1.1–28.2)	7.2 (0.7–69.8)
	Intestinal	0.1	0.9	19.4 (2.6–143.2)	19.4 (2.6–143.2)
	Respiratory	0.1	0	NE	NE
Distant	All	6.1	6.9	1.1 (0.6–1.9)	1.0 (0.6–1.8)
	Nonintestinal	6.0	6.5	1.0 (0.6–1.8)	0.9 (0.5–1.7)
	Intestinal	0.2	0.9	4.0 (0.8–20.0)	4.7 (0.9–24.1)
	Respiratory	2.6	1.9	0.7 (0.3–1.9)	0.7 (0.2–2.1)
Ulcerative colitis
Recent	All	0.2	0.4	2.0 (0.2–16.2)	NE^†
	Nonintestinal	0.2	0.4	2.0 (0.2–16.2)	NE^†
	Intestinal	0.02	0	NE	NE
	Respiratory	0.02	0	NE	NE
Distant	All	6.1	2.4	0.3 (0.2–0.8)	0.4 (0.2–0.9)
	Nonintestinal	5.7	2.4	0.3 (0.2–0.8)	0.4 (0.2–1.0)
	Intestinal	0.4	0	NE	NE
	Respiratory	2.4	1.2	0.5 (0.1–1.5)	0.6 (0.2–1.9)

OR, odds ratio; NE, not estimable.
Recent = during the year before the index date.
Distant = after birth to one year before the index date.
Hospitalized infections were hospitalizations with diagnosis codes for infection in the principal diagnosis code position. Intestinal infections included ICD-9-CM codes 001-009 and 567. Children could contribute to the intestinal and nonintestinal infections analyses if they were hospitalized more than once. Respiratory infections included ICD-9-CM codes 460-466, 480-488, 770.0, and 770.18.
Compared with controls using conditional logistic regression accounting for the matching factors: age and duration of membership as well as sex and race.
Compared with controls using conditional logistic regression accounting for the matching factors: age and duration of membership as well as sex, race, and the use of medication in the following therapeutic classes during the hospitalization or at discharge: aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, erythromycins/related macrolides, miscellaneous antimicrobials, penicillins, quinolones, sulfonamides, or tetracyclines.
^†NE, not estimable because all hospitalized cases received medication.