Clinical Presentation, Risk Factors, and Treatment Modalities of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Single Tertiary Care Center Experience
Table 3
Comparison of demographic characteristics, tumor factors, and treatment modalities between male and female patients.
Female (%) mean ± SD
Male (%) mean ± SD
value
Hypertension
41
61.20%
82
48.80%
0.086
Diabetes
42
62.70%
94
56.00%
0.345
Underlying cause of liver disease
Viral hepatitis
56
83.60%
122
72.60%
0.077
Nonviral hepatitis
11
16.40%
46
27.40%
Symptoms at presentation
36
53.70%
87
51.80%
0.787
Noncirrhotic liver
7
10.40%
37
22.00%
0.049
Number of tumors
Single
33
49.30%
84
50.00%
0.019
Two lesions
15
22.40%
18
10.70%
Multiple (≥3)
19
28.40%
66
39.30%
Metastasis
5
7.50%
26
15.50%
0.101
Vascular invasion
7
10.40%
21
12.50%
0.661
Child-Turcotte-Pugh score
A
31
46.30%
104
61.90%
0.08
B
26
38.80%
49
29.20%
C
10
14.90%
15
8.90%
BCLC stages
Stage 0
2
3.00%
6
3.60%
0.011
Stage A
32
47.80%
47
28.00%
Stage B
15
22.40%
66
39.30%
Stage C
8
11.90%
34
20.20%
Stage D
10
14.90%
15
8.90%
Portal vein thrombosis
5
7.50%
31
18.50%
0.035
Initial intervention
Best supportive care
23
34.30%
64
38.10%
0.013
Chemoembolization
13
19.40%
39
23.20%
Ablation therapy
27
40.30%
37
22.00%
Sorafenib
0
0.00%
20
11.90%
Surgical resection
3
4.50%
6
3.60%
Transplant
1
1.50%
2
1.20%
AGE
63 ± 10
66 ± 11
0.028
BMI
29.75 ± 6.51
26.75 ± 5.38
0.001
Tumor size (cm)
3.69 ± 2.67
6.53 ± 5.63
0.000
Bilirubin, μmol/L
31.1 ± 29.8
45.7 ± 132.5
0.181
Albumin, g/L
31 ± 7
34 ± 7
0.002
AST, U/L
92 ± 77
97 ± 112
0.723
ALT, U/L
58 ± 42
67 ± 65
0.204
INR
1.4 ± 0.7
1.2 ± 0.2
0.018
Creatinine
90 ± 91.7
90 ± 49.3
0.997
AFP
13128.1 ± 75
10059.3 ± 31
0.752
Platelets, ×109/L
174 ± 113
212 ± 142
0.035
MELD
11.9 ± 5.9
11.1 ± 4.7
0.312
SD: standard deviation; BMI: body mass index; MELD: model for end-stage liver disease; AFP: alpha-fetoprotein; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; INR: international normalized ratio; BCLC: Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer.