Clinical Presentation, Risk Factors, and Treatment Modalities of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Single Tertiary Care Center Experience

Table 3

Comparison of demographic characteristics, tumor factors, and treatment modalities between male and female patients.

	Female (%); mean ± SD		Male (%); mean ± SD		value
Hypertension	41	61.20%	82	48.80%	0.086
Diabetes	42	62.70%	94	56.00%	0.345
Underlying cause of liver disease
Viral hepatitis	56	83.60%	122	72.60%	0.077
Nonviral hepatitis	11	16.40%	46	27.40%
Symptoms at presentation	36	53.70%	87	51.80%	0.787
Noncirrhotic liver	7	10.40%	37	22.00%	0.049
Number of tumors
Single	33	49.30%	84	50.00%	0.019
Two lesions	15	22.40%	18	10.70%
Multiple (≥3)	19	28.40%	66	39.30%
Metastasis	5	7.50%	26	15.50%	0.101
Vascular invasion	7	10.40%	21	12.50%	0.661
Child-Turcotte-Pugh score
A	31	46.30%	104	61.90%	0.08
B	26	38.80%	49	29.20%
C	10	14.90%	15	8.90%
BCLC stages
Stage 0	2	3.00%	6	3.60%	0.011
Stage A	32	47.80%	47	28.00%
Stage B	15	22.40%	66	39.30%
Stage C	8	11.90%	34	20.20%
Stage D	10	14.90%	15	8.90%
Portal vein thrombosis	5	7.50%	31	18.50%	0.035
Initial intervention
Best supportive care	23	34.30%	64	38.10%	0.013
Chemoembolization	13	19.40%	39	23.20%
Ablation therapy	27	40.30%	37	22.00%
Sorafenib	0	0.00%	20	11.90%
Surgical resection	3	4.50%	6	3.60%
Transplant	1	1.50%	2	1.20%
AGE	63 ± 10		66 ± 11		0.028
BMI	29.75 ± 6.51		26.75 ± 5.38		0.001
Tumor size (cm)	3.69 ± 2.67		6.53 ± 5.63		0.000
Bilirubin, μmol/L	31.1 ± 29.8		45.7 ± 132.5		0.181
Albumin, g/L	31 ± 7		34 ± 7		0.002
AST, U/L	92 ± 77		97 ± 112		0.723
ALT, U/L	58 ± 42		67 ± 65		0.204
INR	1.4 ± 0.7		1.2 ± 0.2		0.018
Creatinine	90 ± 91.7		90 ± 49.3		0.997
AFP	13128.1 ± 75		10059.3 ± 31		0.752
Platelets, ×10^9/L	174 ± 113		212 ± 142		0.035
MELD	11.9 ± 5.9		11.1 ± 4.7		0.312

SD: standard deviation; BMI: body mass index; MELD: model for end-stage liver disease; AFP: alpha-fetoprotein; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; INR: international normalized ratio; BCLC: Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer.