Techniques for Abdominal Wall Closure after Damage Control Laparotomy: From Temporary Abdominal Closure to Early/Delayed Fascial Closure—A Review

Table 2

Risks associated with open abdomen.

Local effects	Systemic effects
Gastrointestinal fistula formation	Systemic inflammatory response
Intra-abdominal abscesses	Derangement of fluid and electrolyte balance
Abdominal infection	Sepsis
Adhesions causing bowel obstruction	Capillary leak
Adhesions precluding subsequent surgery and/or primary closure	Catabolic state
Fascial retraction	—