Cytokines as Early Markers of Colorectal Anastomotic Leakage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 1

Study characteristics of included studies, including Levels of Evidence 2011 according to the Centre for Evidence Based Medicine.

Author	Year	Patients	Study design	Location	Surgery type	Follow-up	Index test	Complication	Level-of-evidence
Bertram et al. [23]	2003	25	Case-control	Peritoneal	Colorectal surgery	7 days	TNF, IL6	CAL ()	4
Fouda et al. [21]	2011	56	Case-control	Peritoneal	Elective low anterior resection for rectal cancer	5 days	TNF, Il-6, IL-10	CAL ()	4
Herwig et al. [24]	2002	24	Case-control	Peritoneal	Colorectal surgery	4 days	TNF, IL-1B, IL6	CAL ()	4
Matthiessen et al. [4, 19]	2007	23	Case-control	Peritoneal	Anterior resection of the rectum for cancer	2 days	TNF, Il-6, IL-10	CAL ()	4
Yamamoto et al. [20]	2011	100	Case-control	Peritoneal	Elective resection for carcinoma of the sigmoid/rectum	3 days	TNF, IL-1B, IL6	Peritonitis ()	4
Ellebæk et al. [25]	2014	50	Case-control	Systemic	Low anterior resection for rectosigmoid cancer	5 days	TNF, IL-1B, IL6, IL10	CAL ()	4
Reisinger et al. [26]	2014	84	Case-control	Systemic	Colorectal surgery	7 days	IL6	CAL ()	4