Review Article

Smoking Exposure and Survival of Patients with Esophagus Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 4

Mortality and survival of EC patients for different studies.

Smoking intensity
(pack year PY or cigarette/day C/D)
AuthorMean survival time (month)Mortality rate
HR95% CI

PY < 20 Shitara et al. [12]1
20 ⩽ PY1.73(1.12–2.68)
20 ⩽ PY < 401.77(1.09–2.89)
40 ⩽ PY1.69(1.06–2.67)

Never smoked Thrift et al. [16]1
0 < PY < 151.44(0.89–2.31)
15 ⩽ PY < 30 0.99(0.59–1.65)
30 ⩽ PY1.26(0.79–2.02)

20 C/D Wu et al. [14] 20.6 ± 27.0
C/D > 20 19.1 ± 25.6

PY: pack years; C/D: cigarettes per day.