Current Role of Minimally Invasive Radical Cholecystectomy for Gallbladder Cancer

Table 3

MiRC for GbC: surgical technique details.

Author, year of publication

Study period

Patients number

Attempted MiRC

Conversion to open RC, rate

Completion/; elective

Liver resection

LIOUS

Liver transection technique

Type of liver resection

LB thickness

Nodal excision

Port site excision

Nodal excision first

Pringle

CBD resection (patients number)

Cho et al., 2008 [16]

NS

3

3

0

0/3

Yes

Yes

Harmonic scalpel, clips

LB

2 cm

Yes

—

Yes

No

No

de Aretxabala et al., 2010 [17]

2005–2009

18

18

13/18

18/0

Yes

No

Harmonic scalpel, clips, vascular stapler

LB

NS

Yes

No

Yes

Only if needed

No

Gumbs and Hoffman, 2010 [18]

NS

3

3

0

1/2

Yes

Yes

Harmonic scalpel, bipolar, clips

LB

3–5 cm

Yes

1/1

Yes

No

No

Gumbs and Hoffman, 2010 [19]

NS

6

6

0

0/6

Yes

Yes

Harmonic scalpel, bipolar, clips

LB

3–5 cm

Yes

—

Yes

No

Yes ()

Belli et al., 2011 [25]

2006–2008

4

4

0

4/0

Yes

NA

NA

Wedge

2 cm

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

0

Shen et al., 2012 [20]

2010-2011

5

5

0

2/3

Yes

No

Harmonic scalpel, electric hook

LB

2 cm

Yes

No

No

No

No

Gumbs et al., 2013 [21]

2005–2011

15

15

1/15

5/10

Yes

Yes

NS

LB

1 cm

Yes

No

No

NS

No

Machado et al., 2015 [15]

2015

1

1

0

1/0

Yes

No

Bipolar forceps

S4b-5

—

Yes

No

Yes

No

No

Yoon et al., 2015 [22]

2004–2014

45

32

1/32

0/32

Yes

Yes

NS

LB

2 mm

Yes

—

No

No

No

Shirobe and Maruyama, 2015 [23]

2001–2013

11

11

0

7/4

6/11

Yes

Harmonic scalpel, BiClamp

LB

1 cm

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes ()

Agarwal et al., 2015 [26]

2011–2013

24 (versus 46 open)

24

0

4/20

Yes

No

Harmonic scalpel, ultrasonic aspirator

S4b-5

—

Yes

4/4

No

No

No

Itano et al., 2015 [27]

2007–2013

19 (versus 14 open)

16

0

0/16

Yes

Yes

Harmonic scalpel

LB

1 cm

Yes

—

No

No

No

Palanisamy et al., 2016 [24]

2008–2013

14

14

0

0/14

Yes

No

Harmonic scalpel, ligasure, ultrasonic aspirator

S4b-5

—

Yes

—

Yes

No

No

MiRC: minimally invasive radical cholecystectomy, RC: radical cholecystectomy, GbC: gallbladder cancer, LIOUS: laparoscopic intraoperative ultrasonography, LB: liver bed, NS: not specified, and S4b-5: liver segments 4b + 5.
Patients who underwent only laparoscopic exploration were excluded from the current analysis.
Robot-assisted radical cholecystectomies.
Multicenter retrospective study.
Two patients underwent extended right hepatectomy.
Data reported in a previous paper from the same study group [28].
Liver bed resection not performed if tumor located on the peritoneal side of the gallbladder.