|
| Study | Design | Number of cases | Tests | Definition/description for positive findings | Diagnostic yield | Sensitivity/specificity |
|
| Albert et al. (2005) [32] | Prospective | 25 suspected CD | VCE | Aphthous mucosal lesions, irregularly shaped or fissural ulcers (occasionally associated with bleeding), cobblestone appearance, luminal narrowing due to edema and/or fibrous scarring, and granularity with attenuated or lost vascular pattern | NA | 92%/100% |
| MRE | Thickening of the bowel wall (>4 mm) and enhancement of the bowel wall after application of intravenous contrast medium | NA | 77%/80% |
| Prospective | 27 established CD | VCE | Same as above | 93% | NA |
| MRE | Same as above | 88% | NA |
|
| Gölder et al. (2006) [33] | Prospective | 18 (2 suspected and 16 established CD) | VCE | Grade 0: no inflammation
Grade 1: <3 aphthous lesions or a single ulcer
Grade 2: >3 aphthous lesions or >1 ulceration or an inflammatory stenosis | 76%(1) | NA |
| MREC | Bowel wall thickening with contrast enhancement, mesenteric injection, and enlarged lymph nodes | 41% | NA |
|
| Tillack et al. (2008) [34] | Prospective | 19 established CD | VCE | Grade 0: no mucosal pathology
Grade 1: minor inflammation (focal denudation of villi, superficial aphthae and erosions, focal erythema, and <2 ulcers)
Grade 2: major inflammation (>ulcers, deep ulcers, fissures, cobblestone pattern, and fibrinous exudates)
Obstruction grade 0: no obstruction
Obstruction grade 1: stenosis (delayed capsule propulsion, propagation stop) | 95% | NA |
| MRE | Grade 0: no mucosal or mural pathology
Grade 1: minor inflammation (subtle irregularity of the fold pattern, subtly increased contrast uptake, no wall thickening, no submucosal edema, and no extramural hypervascularity)
Grade 2: major inflammation (ulcers, deep mucosal fissures disrupting the fold pattern, cobblestone pattern, markedly increased contrast uptake, wall thickening > 4 mm, submucosal edema, extramural hypervascularity, and contrast enhancing lymphadenopathy (>15 mm))
Obstruction grade 0: no obstruction: stenosis with prestenotic dilation (luminal narrowing <5 mm) | 95% | NA |
|
| Jensen et al. (2011) [22] | Prospective | 80 | VCE(2) | More than 3 ulcerations (aphthous lesions or ulcers), irregular ulcers/fissures, or stenosis caused by fibrosis or inflammation | 30%(3) | 100%/91% |
| MRE(2) | Mucosal ulcerations, bowel wall thickening, bowel wall hyperenhancement, small bowel stenosis, creeping fat, dilated vasa recta, and the presence of an abscess or fistula in conjunction with a diseased small bowel segment | 28%(3) | 76%/85% |
|
| Wiarda et al. (2012) [24] | Prospective | 38 (20 suspected and 18 established CD) | VCE(4) | Mild: erythematous and/or edematous mucosa and/or small ulcerative lesions (<0.5 mm) within otherwise normal appearing mucosa
Moderate: larger ulcerative lesions (≥0.5 mm and <20 mm)
Severe: large ulcerative lesions (≥20 mm) and/or significant stenotic lesions, with or without macroscopic signs of inflammation. | NA | 57%/89%
(for 25 nonstenotic CD) |
| MREC | Bowel wall thickness >4 mm, intramural and mesenteric edema, mucosal hyperemia, wall enhancement and enhancement pattern and transmural ulcerations, and fistula formation | NA | 73%/90% (for all participants) |
|
