Extensive Use of Interventional Therapies Improves Survival in Unresectable or Recurrent Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma

Table 1

Patients’ characteristics.

Demographics and disease history		%/(range)
Total N	55	100%
Sex
Male	28	50.9%
Female	27	49.1%
Age, year
Median	67.3	(34.0–82.6)
≤65	25	45.5%
>65	30	54.5%
Months from diagnosis to 1st therapy
Median	10	(0.8–64.4)
Karnofsky index,
Median	70	(60–100)
60	9	16.4%
70	13	23.4%
80	14	25.6%
90	17	31.0%
100	2	3.6%
ECOG index,
Median	1	(0–2)
0	19	34.6%
1	27	49.0%
2	9	16.4%
Prior liver-directed treatment (n)
Any	21	38.2%
Resection	15	27.3%
Intraoperative RFA	3	5.5%
TACE	2	3.6%
RFA	1	1.8%
Prior chemotherapy (n)
Yes	21	38.2%
No	34	61.8%
Prior chemotherapy lines (n)
One	17	30.9%
Two	2	3.6%
>two	2	3.6%
Median	1	(1–5)
Prior chemotherapy agents (n)
Gemcitabine	19	34.5%
Oxaliplatin	12	21.8%
Capecitabine	8	14.5%
5-FU/FA	4	7.3%
Cisplatin	3	5.5%
Others	9	16.4%
T-stage (n)
T1	21	38.2%
T2	12	21.8%
T3	21	38.2%
T4	1	1.8%
Overall tumor stage (UICC) (n); at first diagnosis
Stage I	17	30.9%
Stage II	3	5.5%
Stage IIIa	3	5.5%
Stage IIIb	0	0%
Stage IIIc	21	38.2%
Stage IV	5	9.1%
No information available	6	10.9%
Overall tumor stage (UICC) (n); at first local therapy in Magdeburg
Stage I	11	20.0%
Stage II	5	9.1%
Stage IIIa	3	5.5%
Stage IIIb	0	0%
Stage IIIc	22	40.0%
Stage IV	14	25.5%
CEA
Median, range ng/mL	2.6	(0.3–391.7)
Elevated, >3.4 ng/mL (n)	23	41.8%
Not elevated (n)	32	58.2%
CA 19–9
Median, range [U/mL]	66	(0.6–72.9)
Elevated, >39.9 U/mL (n)	34	61.8%
Not elevated (n)	21	38.2%
Tumor load
Median, range (%)	8	(2–80)
Tumor size
Median, range (mm)	45	(14–189)
Extent of disease (n)
Bilobar	32	58.2%
Unilobar	23	41.8%
Extrahepatic metastases (n)
All	36	65.5%
Lymph node metastases	32	58.2%
Peritoneal metastases	8	14.5%
Pulmonary metastases	5	9.1%
Bone metastases	2	3.6%
Concomitant liver disease (n)
Vascular infiltration	21	38.2%
Cirrhosis	20	36.4%
Biliary obstruction	18	32.7%
Portal vein thrombosis	10	18.2%
Ascites	7	12.7%
Therapies and combinations of therapies (n)
HDR-BT	19	34.5%
RE	5	9.1%
TACE	2	3.6%
RFA	1	1.8%
HDR-BT & ivCTX	11	20.0%
HDR-BT & iaCTX	6	10.9%
HDR-BT & RE	3	5.5%
HDR-BT & RFA	2	3.6%
HDR-BT & iaCTX & ivCTX	2	3.6%
HDR-BT & RE & ivCTX	2	3.6%
TACE & ivCTX	1	1.8%
RE & iaCTX	1	1.8%

Irinotecan (), taxotere (), bevacizumab (), erlotinib (), mitomycin C (), cetuximab (), and sorafenib ().
Acc. to UICC Edition 6, stage I disease is a solitary tumor without vascular involvement; stage II disease is a solitary tumor with vascular invasion or multiple tumors <5 cm; stage IIIa disease is multiple tumors >5 cm with or without vascular invasion; stage IIIb disease is perforation of the peritoneum or infiltration of adjacent organs; stage IIIc disease is any tumor with regional lymph node metastasis; and stage IV disease is any tumor with distant metastasis.