What Is the Value of the Learning Curve in Endoscopic Balloon Dilatation of the Major Papilla?

Table 1

Grading system for major complications of ERCP according to Cotton et al. [21].

	Mild	Moderate	Severe
Bleeding	Hemoglobin drop <3 g and no need for transfusion	Transfusion (4 units or less), no angiographic intervention or surgery	Transfusion (5 units or more) or intervention (angiographic or surgical)
Perforation	Possible or only very slight leak of fluid or contrast, treatable by fluids and suction for 3 days or less	Any definite perforation treated medically for 4–10 days	Medical treatment for more than 10 days or intervention (percutaneous or surgical)
Pancreatitis	Requires admission or prolongation of planned admission to 2-3 days	Pancreatitis requiring hospitalization for 4–10 days	Hospitalization for more than 10 days, local complication or intervention (percutaneous drainage or surgery)
Cholangitis	>38°C, 24–48 hr	Febrile or septic illness requiring more than 3 days of hospital treatment or endoscopic or percutaneous intervention	Septic shock or surgery