Laparoscopic Hepatectomy: Current State in Japan Based on the 4th Nationwide Questionnaire

Table 4

The rate of conversion to open surgery and complications in each surgical approach.

	All; ()	Pure-LH; ()	HALS; ()	Hybrid-LH; ()	HCC; ()	Meta; ()
Conversion to open surgery	59 (2.0%)	41 (2.2%)	12 (6.0%)	6 (0.6%)	49 (2.6%)	8 (1.1%)
Mortality	2 (0.07%)	1 (0.05%)	0	1 (0.01%)	1 (0.05%)	1 (0.13%)
Reoperation	4 (0.14%)	3 (0.16%)	0	1 (0.01%)	3 (0.16%)	1 (0.13%)
Intraoperative accidents	68 (2.3%)	54 (2.2%)	6 (3.0%)	8 (0.9%)	55 (2.9%)	9 (1.2%)
Bleeding	39 (1.3%)
Hyper carbon dioxidemia	1 (0.03%)
Gas embolism	2 (0.06%)
Postoperative complications	94 (3.2%)	34 (1.9%)	12 (6.0%)	48 (5.6%)	66 (3.5%)	24 (3.3%)
Bleeding	8 (0.3%)
Liver failure	2 (0.07%)
Bile leakage	15 (0.5%)
Pleural effusion/ascites	24 (0.8%)
Surgical site infection	18 (0.6%)
Liver abscess	9 (0.3%)
Hyper carbon dioxidemia	1 (0.03%)
Ileus	2 (0.07%)