Hepatitis C Virus and Nonliver Solid Cancers: Is There an Association between HCV and Cancers of the Pancreas, Thyroid, Kidney, Oral Cavity, Breast, Lung, and Gastrointestinal Tract?

Table 1

Case-control studies for association of chronic HCV infection with pancreatic cancer (PC).

Author	Country	Sample size (n)	HCV (+) cases; (n)/total cases (n)	HCV (+) controls; (n)/total controls (n)	Factors adjusted	AOR; (95% CI)	value
Woo et al. [22]	Korea	3765	21/753	36/3012	Age, sex, DM,; smoke	2.3 (1.3–4.0)	<0.01
Chang et al. [23]	Taiwan	2301	22/585	45/1716	Age, sex, DM,; smoke	1.3 (0.8–2.3)	NA
Hasan et al. [24]	USA	1355	7/476	9/879	DM, smoke,; alcohol, FHC	0.9 (0.3–2.8)	NA

AOR: adjusted odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; DM: diabetes mellitus; FHC: family history of cancer.