Hepatitis C Virus and Nonliver Solid Cancers: Is There an Association between HCV and Cancers of the Pancreas, Thyroid, Kidney, Oral Cavity, Breast, Lung, and Gastrointestinal Tract?

Table 7

Case-control studies for association of chronic HCV infection with oral cancer (OC).

Author	Country	Study design	Sample; size (n)	HCV (+) cases/total; cases (%)	HCV (+) controls/total controls (%)	Factors adjusted	OR (95% CI)	value
Nagao et al. [43]	Japan	(a) Anti-HCV ab	204	(a) 24/100 (24)	(a) 11/104 (10.6)	None	NA	(a) <0.05
		(b) HCV RNA		(b) 17/100 (17)	(b) 4/104 (3.9)			(b) <0.05
Takata et al. [44]	Japan	Anti-HCV ab; Hospital-based; OC; IT	4402	13/343	25/270	Age	0.4 (0.2–0.9)	<0.05

OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; NA: not available; IT—impacted teeth (controls); anti-HCV antibodies were compared among patients with OC and IT.