Radiological Patterns of Lung Involvement in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Table 1

Respiratory and heart involvement in IBD: sites and patterns. −: not described; ±: unusual; +: occasionally observed; ++: relatively common.

Site of involvement	Pattern	UC	CD
Upper airway	Glottic and subglottic edema/stenosis	++	+
	Isolated tracheal inflammation/bulging	++	+
Large airways	Bronchiectasis	++	+
	Suppurative airway disease	++	±
	Acute bronchitis	+	±
	Chronic bronchitis	++	±
Small airways	Diffuse panbronchiolitis	+	−
	Granulomatous bronchiolitis	−	+
	Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome	+	−
	Necrotizing bronchiolitis	+	++
Lung parenchyma	OP	++	±
	Eosinophilic pneumonia	+	±
	NSIP cellular	+	++
	DIP	+	−
	Fibrosing alveolitis	±	±
	Sterile necrobiotic nodules	+	+
Pulmonary vasculature	Pulmonary embolism	±	±
	Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA)	+	+
	Eosinophilic GPA (EGPA)	±	+
	“Pulmonary vasculitis”	+	+
Serosal surface	Pleural effusion	+	+
	Pericardial effusion	+	+
Concomitant diseases involving lung/airways	Sarcoidosis-like	+	+
	A1-antitrypsin deficiency	+	+
	COPD	+	+
	Amyloidosis	±	±
Various patterns	Pneumomediastinum	±	±
	Pulmonary interstitial emphysema	+	+
Heart/pericardial involvement	Myocarditis	+	+
	Atrioventricular block	+	+
	Pericardial tamponade	+	+