The Clinical and Steroid-Free Remission of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation to Patients with Ulcerative Colitis: A Meta-Analysis

Table 2

Characteristics of the included studies.

Study	Type	Country	Sample	Severity of the disease	Route	Fresh/frozen	Placebo type
Costello et al. [22]	RCT	Australia	73	Mild-moderate active UC	Transplantation	Frozen	Autologous FMT
Moayyedi et al. [23]	RCT	Canada	75	Active UC	Retention enema	Fresh and frozen	Consisting of 50 mL water
Rossen et al. [24]	RCT	Netherlands	48	Mild to moderate active UC	Nasoduodenal tube	Fresh	Autologous fecal microbiota
Paramsothy et al. [25]	RCT	Australia	81	Active UC	Infusion	Frozen	Isotonic saline adding brown food colourant, odourant, and glycerol cryoprotectant
Ishikawa et al. [26]	COHORT	Japan	36	Mild-to-severe active UC	Colonoscopy	Fresh	AFM monotherapy
Kump et al. 2017 [27]	COHORT	Austria	27	Refractory ulcerative colitis, chronic active ulcerative colitis	Endoscopy	Frozen	Antibiotic treatment

Note: RCT: random controlled trials; COHORT: cohort studies; UC: ulcerative colitis; FMT: fecal microbiota transplantation; AFM: amoxicillin, fosfomycin, and metronidazole.