Single-Port Laparoscopic Surgery Is Feasible and Safe for Hepatic Left Lateral Sectionectomy for Benign Liver Lesions

Table 4

Cosmetic score compared between groups while covariates were controlled.

Parameters	2 months after surgery		6 months after surgery
	(95% CI)		(95% CI)
Group
SPL	Ref.	—	Ref.	—
CL	-0.87 (-1.14--0.59)	<0.001	-0.63 (-0.89--0.37)	<0.001
Sex
Male	Ref.	—	Ref.	—
Female	-0.01 (-0.31-0.29)	0.938	-0.01 (-0.29-0.27)	0.943
Age (year)	0.00 (-0.02-0.02)	0.872	0.01 (-0.01-0.03)	0.297
Diagnosis
Cavernous hemangioma	Ref.	—	Ref.	—
HCC	0.31 (-0.12-0.75)	0.157	-0.03 (-0.44-0.39)	0.897
FNH	-0.23 (-0.71-0.24)	0.326	-0.28 (-0.74-0.17)	0.213
PEComas	0.61 (-0.42-1.64)	0.242	0.37 (-0.61-1.36)	0.449
Tumor size (cm^2)	0.00 (0.00-0.01)	0.237	0.00 (0.00-0.01)	0.534

The multivariate linear regression model was adjusted for the demographic and clinical characteristics as well as the independent variables with significant difference between the SPL and CL groups. To eliminate the effect of the learning curve for SPL, operative time was included as a confounding factor into the multivariate linear regression model.  = regression coefficient; SPL = single-port laparoscopic hepatectomy; CL = conventional laparoscopic hepatectomy; FNH = focal nodular hyperplasia; HCC = hepatocellular carcinoma; PEComas = perivascular epithelioid cell tumors.