Research Article

Demographics and Clinical and Endoscopic Characteristics of Patients with Helicobacter pylori Infection and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Case-Control Study

Table 5

Determinants of insurgence of hiatal hernia in GERD patients (multivariate logistic regression analysis).

ParameterOR95%CI OR
Lower boundUpper bound value

H. pylori status (negative versus positive)1.6411.0362.6000.035
Ethnicity (Arabs versus Jews)0.9930.6851.4410.972
BMI1.0000.9821.0180.968
Rural versus urban0.7680.5831.0120.061
Age1.0141.0061.0220.001
Gender0.9500.7241.2480.713
Smoking status0.9160.5391.5550.745
Alcohol consumption0.9550.4801.9030.897
Comorbidities0.7300.4841.1020.134
ASA/NSAID users0.0010.0010.002
Statin users253.88589.148723.041
PPI users0.5910.3461.0070.053
Constant0.334ā€‰ā€‰0.074

ASA: acetylsalicylic acid; BMI: body mass index; NSAIDs: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; PPIs: proton pump inhibitors.