Esophageal Impedance-pH Monitoring and Pharyngeal pH Monitoring in the Diagnosis of Extraesophageal Reflux in Children
Table 2
Temporal association between changes in pH in the posterior oropharynx detected by Dx-pH (LPR) and GER episodes identified with impedance (episodes of distal and proximal reflux defined as full-column) and pH sensor.
LPR vs. proximal GER in MII-pH
LPR vs. distal GER in MII-pH
LPR vs. GER in pH monitoring
+/+
-/+
+/-
+/+
-/+
+/-
+/+
-/+
+/-
Value (95% CI) (%)
pH level in Dx-pH
<4
1.14 (0.00-2.72)
10.65 (1.24-20.06)
87.06 (76.35-97.78)
0.82 (0.00-2.00)
8.46 (0.07-16.85)
89.91 (80.69-99.12)
1.10 (0.00-2.26)
5.69 (0.00-13.07)
92.10 (83.14-101.06)
<4.5
1.69 (0.00-4.12)
10.47 (1.28-19.65)
86.15 (74.87-97.42)
1.28 (0.00-3.28)
8.23 (0.00-16.45)
89.22 (79.49-98.96)
1.43 (0.00-3.08)
5.78 (0.00-12.97)
91.37 (81.97-100.77)
<5
2.17 (0.00-4.81)
14.13 (4.68-23.58)
81.53 (70.02-93.03)
1.62 (0.00-3.77)
10.68 (2.24-19.11)
86.09 (76.13-96.05)
2.01 (0.10-3.91)
6.47 (0.00-13.96)
89.51 (79.64-99.38)
<5.5
3.06 (0.40-5.73)
27.29 (14.58-40.00)
66.59 (52.05-81.13)
2.41 (0.03-4.79)
21.27 (9.60-32.95)
73.91 (60.76-87.05)
3.54 (1.50-5.58)
13.37 (4.50-22.23)
79.55 (68.11-90.98)
4.29 (0.65-7.94)
27.44 (14.88-40.00)
63.97 (50.14-77.80)
2.87 (0.09-5.65)
21.68 (9.51-33.86)
72.58 (59.44-85.72)
5.17 (2.51-7.83)
10.98 (3.00-18.95)
78.68 (67.83-89.54)
LPR: laryngopharyngeal reflux; GER: gastroesophageal reflux; MII-pH: multichannel intraluminal pH-impedance; Dx-pH: pharyngeal pH monitoring; CI: confidence interval; “+”: positive result of the Dx-pH system, impedance, or pH monitoring; “-”: negative result of the Dx-pH system, impedance, or pH monitoring.
