Meta-Analysis of Antinuclear Antibodies in the Diagnosis of Antimitochondrial Antibody-Negative Primary Biliary Cholangitis

Table 1

Characteristics of the selected studies.

Author	Year	Country	AMA-negative PBC	Controls	Antibody type	TP ()	FP ()	FN ()	TN ()	Sensitivity (%)	Specificity (%)
Bizzaro et al. [23]	2012	Italy	100	104^a	Anti-gp210	9	0	91	104	9.0	100.0
					Anti-sp100	23	2	77	102	23.0	98.1
Comay et al. [24]	2000	Canada	16	39^b	CAII	8	13	8	26	50.0	66.7
Granito et al. [25]	2006	Italy	22	4248^c	MND	11	5	11	4243	50.0	99.9
					Rim-like	11	6	11	4242	50.0	99.9
				262^d	Anti-sp100	12	2	10	260	54.5	99.2
					Anti-gp210	10	0	12	262	45.5	100.0
Granito et al. [26]	2010	Italy	17	157^e	Anti-sp100	11	1	6	156	64.7	99.4
					PML	7	0	10	157	41.2	100.0
					Anti-sp140	9	0	8	157	52.9	100.0
Hu et al. [27]	2011	China	15	85^f	Anti-gp210	3	5	12	80	20.0	94.1
					Anti-sp100	1	14	14	71	6.7	83.5
Invernizzi et al. [28]	1998	Italy	26	142^g	CAII	2	7	24	135	7.7	95.1
Milkiewicz et al. [29]	2009	Canada	8	67^h	Anti-gp210	3	1	5	66	37.5	98.5
					Anti-sp100	2	4	6	63	25.0	94.0
			57		Anti-gp210	6	1	51	66	10.5	98.5
					Anti-sp100	6	4	51	63	10.5	94.0
Muratori et al. [16]	2003	Italy	13	283^i	Anti-sp100	5	17	8	266	38.5	94.0
				75^j	Anti-gp210	2	1	11	74	15.4	98.7
Norman et al. [30]	2015	America	20	165^k	KLHL12	5	6	15	159	25.0	96.4
					HK1	2	9	18	156	10.0	94.5
			89	254^l	KLHL12	31	10	58	244	34.8	96.1
					HK1	20	8	69	246	22.5	96.9
Saito et al. [31]	2012	Japan	12	40^m	Anti-sp100	0	0	12	40	0	100.0
					Anti-gp210	4	0	8	40	33.3	100.0
					PML	1	0	11	40	8.3	100.0
Xiao et al. [32]	2012	China	5	296^n	Anti-sp100	3	6	2	290	60.0	98.0
					Anti-gp210	3	10	2	286	60.0	96.6
					PML	3	11	2	285	60.0	96.3

Note: ^aother chronic liver diseases including AIH-1, AIH-2, PSC, hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis, hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis, and AH; ^bliver patients including AIH and ALD; ^cnon-PBC patients; ^dHCV, AIH, PSC, SLE, RA, and SjS; ^eAIH, PSC, and SLE; ^fAIH and LDC; ^gAIH, pSS, SSc, SLE, and healthy subjects; ^hAIH, PSC, and undetermined cholangiopathy; ⁱAIH, PSC, HCV, SLE, pSS, RA, MCTD, and V; ^jAIH, PSC, and SLE; ^kPSC, ALF, SSc, and SLE; ^lnon-PBC patients, including PSC, AIH/PSC, AIH, SjS, UC, CD, HBV, HCV, HCC, VBDS, LS, and healthy donors; ^mAIH; ⁿpSS, SLE, RA, AS, and SSc. The sensitivities and specificities among AMA-negative PBC patients in the selected studies are shown in this table, including the first author, publication year, country, number of antimitochondrial antibody- (AMA-) negative PBC, number of controls, number of true positive cases (TP), number of false positive cases (FP), number of false negative cases (FN), number of true negative cases (TN), sensitivity, and specificity. Abbreviations: AH: active hepatitis; AIH: autoimmune hepatitis; ALD: alcoholic liver injury; ALF: acute liver failure; AMA: antimitochondrial antibody; ANA: antinuclear antibodies; CAII: carbonic anhydrase II; CD: Crohn’s disease; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; FP: false positive; FN: false negative; HBV: hepatitis B virus; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; HCV: hepatitis C virus; HK1: hexokinase-1; IIF: indirect immunofluorescence; KLHL12: Kelch-like 12; LS: liver sarcoidosis; MCTD: mixed connective tissue disease; MND: multiple nuclear dot; PBC: primary biliary cholangitis; PML: promyelocytic leukemia protein; PSC: primary sclerosing cholangitis; pSS: primary Sjogren’s syndrome; RA: rheumatoid arthritis; SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; SSc: systemic sclerosis; TP: true positive; TN: true negative; UC: ulcerative colitis; V: vasculitis; VBDS: vanishing bile duct syndrome.