Half-Elemental Diet Shifts the Human Intestinal Bacterial Compositions and Metabolites: A Pilot Study with Healthy Individuals

Figure 1

Elemental diet induces persistent alterations of the gut microbial membership varying with each individual. (a) Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) plots of both unweighted and weighted UniFrac distances for operational taxonomical units (OTUs) demonstrated that bacterial compositions were different between subjects at all time points. (b) PCoA plots for each subject demonstrated that the bacterial compositions were different between time points. (c) Principal component analysis (PCA) plots at the genus level demonstrated that different genera were affected by ED between subjects. The top3 loadings of PC1 and PC2 are shown with red arrows and blue arrows, respectively. (d) The Shannon diversity index did not change significantly between time points. (e) The relative abundances at the genus level in the fecal samples from the subjects K1-4 at T1-3. (f) The relative abundances of [Ruminococcus]_gnavus_group and Parabacteroides changed over time.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)