Gastroenterology Research and Practice / 2020 / Article / Tab 1 / Research Article
Daily Usage of Proton Pump Inhibitors May Reduce the Severity of Critical Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Elderly Patients Table 1 Comparison of the clinical characteristics between the two groups of patients with different severities of upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
(a) Clinical characteristics of all 97 patients enrolled in this study
Characteristics Bleeding severity Univariate Multivariate Mild Moderate/severe OR (95% CI) Age 0.2174 — n.s. Male 31 (63.3) 31 (64.6) 1.0000 Etiology of bleeding Esophageal ulcer 2 (4.1) 2 (4.2) 1.0000 Gastric ulcer 22 (44.9) 30 (62.5) 0.1044 — n.s. Duodenal ulcer 11 (22.4) 8 (16.7) 0.6102 Solid cancer 5 (10.2) 1 (2.1) 0.2041 — n.s. Others (Mallory–Weiss, esophagitis, angiodysplasia, etc.) 9 (18.4) 7 (14.6) 0.7854 Medications Antiplatelets 7 (14.3) 6 (12.5) 1.0000 Anticoagulants 4 (8.2) 4 (8.3) 1.0000 NSAIDs 7 (14.3) 8 (16.7) 0.7854 Proton pump inhibitor 15 (30.6) 2 (4.2) 0.0009 10.147 (2.174-47.358) 0.003 H2 receptor blocker 3 (6.1) 5 (10.4) 0.4865 Comorbid illness Hypertension 26 (53.1) 20 (41.7) 0.3115 Diabetes mellitus 10 (20.4) 11 (22.9) 0.8092 Hyperlipidemia 7 (14.3) 7 (14.6) 1.0000 Cerebrovascular diseases 5 (10.2) 7 (14.6) 0.5529 Cardiovascular diseases 9 (18.4) 5 (10.4) 0.3873 Liver diseases 2 (4.1) 6 (12.5) 0.1591 — n.s. Renal diseases 6 (12.2) 3 (6.3) 0.4865 Dementia 2 (4.1) 2 (4.2) 1.0000 Nongastrointestinal malignancies 9 (18.4) 10 (20.8) 0.8026
(b) Clinical characteristics of 45 patients over 75 years old enrolled in this study
Characteristics Bleeding severity Univariate Multivariate Mild Moderate/severe OR (95% CI) Age 0.9587 Male 15 (55.6) 11 (61.1) 0.7660 Etiology of bleeding Esophageal ulcer 2 (7.4) 0 (0.0) 0.5091 Gastric ulcer 10 (37.0) 11 (61.1) 0.1376 — n.s. Duodenal ulcer 5 (18.5) 2 (11.1) 0.6844 Solid cancer 5 (18.5) 1 (5.6) 0.3773 Others (Mallory–Weiss, esophagitis, angiodysplasia, etc.) 5 (18.5) 4 (22.2) 1.0000 Medications Antiplatelets 6 (22.2) 4 (22.2) 1.0000 Anticoagulants 3 (11.1) 3 (16.7) 0.6703 NSAIDs 5 (18.5) 2 (11.1) 0.6844 Proton pump inhibitor 10 (37.0) 1 (5.6) 0.0307 10.000 (1.150-8951) 0.037 H2 receptor blocker 3 (11.1) 3 (16.7) 0.6703 Comorbid illness Hypertension 19 (70.4) 12 (66.7) 0.7668 Diabetes mellitus 6 (22.2) 7 (38.9) 0.3172 Hyperlipidemia 5 (18.5) 5 (27.8) 1.0000 Cerebrovascular diseases 5 (18.5) 3 (16.7) 1.0000 Cardiovascular diseases 7 (25.9) 3 (16.7) 0.7161 Liver diseases 2 (7.4) 1 (5.6) 1.0000 Renal diseases 5 (18.5) 2 (11.1) 0.6844 Dementia 2 (7.4) 1 (5.6) 1.0000 Nongastrointestinal malignancies 3 (11.1) 4 (22.2) 0.4122
(c) Clinical characteristics of 52 patients younger than 75 years old enrolled in this study
Characteristics Bleeding severity Univariate Multivariate Mild Moderate/severe OR (95% CI) Age 0.4869 Male 16 (72.7) 20 (66.7) 0.7646 Etiology of bleeding Esophageal ulcer 0 (0.0) 2 (6.7) 0.5023 Gastric ulcer 12 (54.5) 19 (63.3) 0.5764 Duodenal ulcer 6 (27.2) 6 (20.0) 0.7402 Solid cancer 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1.0000 Others (Mallory–Weiss, esophagitis, angiodysplasia, etc.) 4 (18.2) 3 (10.0) 0.4385 Medications Antiplatelets 1 (4.5) 2 (6.7) 1.0000 Anticoagulants 1 (4.5) 1 (3.3) 1.0000 NSAIDs 2 (9.1) 6 (20.0) 0.4420 Proton pump inhibitor 5 (22.7) 1 (3.3) 0.0716 — n.s. H2 receptor blocker 0 (0.0) 2 (6.7) 0.5023 Comorbid illness Hypertension 7 (31.8) 8 (26.7) 0.7618 Diabetes mellitus 4 (18.2) 4 (13.3) 0.7084 Hyperlipidemia 2 (9.1) 2 (6.7) 1.0000 Cerebrovascular diseases 0 (0.0) 4 (13.3) 0.1282 — n.s. Cardiovascular diseases 2 (9.1) 2 (6.7) 1.0000 Liver diseases 2 (9.1) 3 (10.0) 1.0000 Renal diseases 3 (13.6) 3 (6.3) 0.6890 Dementia 0 (0.0) 1 (3.3) 1.0000 Nongastrointestinal malignancies 2 (9.1) 7 (23.3) 0.2720
Values were estimated by Fisher’s exact probability test for univariate analysis, and multivariable logistic regression for multivariable analysis. NSAIDs: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
