Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Pediatric Population: A Population Based Clinical Outcomes Study Involving 257 Patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result (SEER) Database (1973–2011)
Table 3
Treatment and survival outcomes of 63,514 adults and 257 pediatric patients with hepatocellular carcinoma from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, 1973–2011.
Variables
Overall
Pediatric patients
Adult patients
value
(%)
63,771
257 (0.4%)
63,514 (99.6%)
—
Mean overall survival (years ± SD)
2.833 ± 0.076
7.988 ± 0.845
2.781 ± 0.075
<0.001
Treatment, (%)
No treatment
45,558 (74.5%)
118 (47.4%)
45,440 (74.7%)
<0.005
Surgery only
12,769 (20.9%)
121 (48.6%)
12,648 (20.8%)
<0.001
Radiation only
2,459 (4.0%)
8 (3.2%)
2,451 (4.0%)
<0.005
Both surgery and radiation
330 (0.5%)
2 (0.8%)
328 (0.5%)
<0.005
Actuarial survival by treatment (years ± SD)
No treatment
1.253 ± 0.046
2.072 ± 0.598
1.243 ± 0.046
<0.005
Surgery only
8.560 ± 0.297
13.107 ± 1.306
8.324 ± 0.302
<0.001
Radiation only
1.190 ± 0.064
1.807 ± 0.447
1.189 ± 0.064
<0.001
Both surgery and radiation
3.649 ± 0.499
13.667 ± 13.500
3.287 ± 0.387
<0.005
Actuarial survival by morphology (years ± SD)
Pleomorphic
1.591 ± 0.653
—
1.591 ± 0.653
—
Clear cell
2.526 ± 0.215
1.833 ± 1.090
2.526 ± 0.215
0.832
Spindle cell
0.628 ± 0.149
—
0.628 ± 0.149
—
Scirrhous
2.228 ± 0.362
—
2.228 ± 0.362
—
Fibrolamellar
6.905 ± 0.617
9.110 ± 1.204
6.016 ± 0.653
0.002
NOS
2.688 ± 0.072
6.529 ± 0.881
2.650 ± 0.072
<0.001
Overall mortality, (%)
Alive
11,538 (18.1%)
88 (34.2%)
11,450 (18.0%)
<0.001
Dead
52,233 (81.9%)
169 (65.8%)
52,064 (82.0%)
<0.001
Cancer specific mortality, (%)
Alive
11,538 (18.1%)
88 (34.2%)
11,450 (18.0%)
<0.001
Cancer death
39,999 (62.7%)
156 (60.7%)
39,843 (62.7%)
<0.001
Noncancer death
12,234 (19.2%)
13 (5.1%)
12,221 (19.3%)
<0.001
Cumulative survival (%)
1-year
61%
34%
<0.001
2-year
47%
23%
<0.001
5-year
30%
12%
<0.001
= number; SD = standard deviation; data presented for patients with available information only.
