Prevalence of and Barriers to Dual-Contraceptive Methods Use among Married Men and Women Living with HIV in India
Table 2
Use of contraceptives before and after HIV diagnosis as reported by married persons living with HIV in India.
Contraceptive use
Before HIV diagnosis
After HIV diagnosis
Men ()
Women ()
Men ()
Women ()
valuea
Any contraceptive method
28 (30.1%)
26 (26.8%)
89 (95.7%)
92 (94.8%)
<0.001
Condom use
14 (15.1%)
11 (11.3%)
86 (92.5%)
89 (91.8%)
<0.001
Effective pregnancy prevention methods
Oral hormonal contraception (“the pill”)
2 (2.2%)
6 (6.2%)
3 (3.2%)
10 (10.3%)
0.33
Intrauterine device
4 (4.3%)
6 (6.2%)
1 (1.1%)
0 (0%)
—b
Injectables
1 (1.1%)
1 (1.0%)
0 (0.0%)
1 (1.0%)
—
Tubal ligation
9 (9.7%)
9 (9.3%)
11 (11.8%)
19 (19.6%)
<0.01
Vasectomy
1 (1.1%)
0 (0.0%)
3 (3.2%)
1 (1.0%)
—
Any effective pregnancy prevention method
17 (18.3%)
20 (20.6%)
17 (18.3%)
30 (30.9%)
0.20
Dual-contraceptive methods
4 (4.3%)
5 (5.2%)
14 (15.1%)
29 (29.9%)
<0.001
Ineffective pregnancy prevention methods
Spermicide
1 (1.1%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
—
Calendar method
3 (3.2%)
1 (1.0%)
1 (1.1%)
1 (1.0%)
—
a value for the change in contraceptive use among men and women combined.
bNumbers too small to assess change.
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