Research Article
Prevalence of and Barriers to Dual-Contraceptive Methods Use among Married Men and Women Living with HIV in India
Table 2
Use of contraceptives before and after HIV diagnosis as reported by married persons living with HIV in India.
| | Contraceptive use | Before HIV diagnosis | After HIV diagnosis | | | Men () | Women () | Men () | Women () | valuea |
| | Any contraceptive method | 28 (30.1%) | 26 (26.8%) | 89 (95.7%) | 92 (94.8%) | <0.001 | | Condom use | 14 (15.1%) | 11 (11.3%) | 86 (92.5%) | 89 (91.8%) | <0.001 | | Effective pregnancy prevention methods | | | | | | | Oral hormonal contraception (“the pill”) | 2 (2.2%) | 6 (6.2%) | 3 (3.2%) | 10 (10.3%) | 0.33 | | Intrauterine device | 4 (4.3%) | 6 (6.2%) | 1 (1.1%) | 0 (0%) | —b | | Injectables | 1 (1.1%) | 1 (1.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (1.0%) | — | | Tubal ligation | 9 (9.7%) | 9 (9.3%) | 11 (11.8%) | 19 (19.6%) | <0.01 | | Vasectomy | 1 (1.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (3.2%) | 1 (1.0%) | — | | Any effective pregnancy prevention method | 17 (18.3%) | 20 (20.6%) | 17 (18.3%) | 30 (30.9%) | 0.20 | | Dual-contraceptive methods | 4 (4.3%) | 5 (5.2%) | 14 (15.1%) | 29 (29.9%) | <0.001 | | Ineffective pregnancy prevention methods | | | | | | | Spermicide | 1 (1.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | — | | Calendar method | 3 (3.2%) | 1 (1.0%) | 1 (1.1%) | 1 (1.0%) | — |
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a value for the change in contraceptive use among men and women combined.
bNumbers too small to assess change.
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