Prenatal Ultrasound Screening for Fetal Anomalies and Outcomes in High-Risk Pregnancies due to Maternal HIV Infection: A Retrospective Study

Table 1

Maternal and neonatal characteristics.

Characteristics	Value; (total pregnancies 𝑛=330, total newborns 𝑛=338)
Maternal age at delivery (±SD)	31.05 ± 5.7
Gravidity	𝑁=326
1	89 (27.3%)
2	104 (31.9%)
3	71 (21.8%)
4	38 (11.7%)
≥5	24 (7.2%)
Parity	𝑁=326
1	162 (49.7%)
2	108 (33.1%)
3	36 (11%)
4	12 (3.7%)
≥5	8 (2.4%)
Duration of pregnancy (weeks of gestation)	𝑁=334
24 + 0–33 + 6	32 (9.6%)
34 + 0–36 + 6	90 (26.9%)
>37 + 0	212 (63.5%)
Ethnicity	𝑁=283
Caucasian	95 (33.6%)
African	188 (66.4%)
HIV diagnosis during pregnancy	𝑁=327
Yes	79 (24.2%)
No	243 (75.8%)
Mode of delivery	𝑁=332
Planned caesarean section	257 (77.4%)
Caesarean section in labor	30 (9%)
Emergency caesarean section	1 (0.3%)
Caesarean section after trial of; vaginal birth	13 (3.9%)
Spontaneous vaginal delivery	29 (8.7%)
Unplanned vaginal delivery	1 (0.3%)
Operative vag delivery; (e.g., forceps)	1 (0.3%)
CD4 count at delivery (cells/μL)	𝑁=281
<200	30 (10.5%)
200–349	76 (27%)
≥350	175 (62.5%)
Viral load at delivery (copies/mL)	𝑁=301
<50	168 (55.8%)
50–399	88 (29.2%)
≥400	45 (15%)
HAART before the beginning of pregnancy	𝑁=289
Yes	181 (62.6%)
No	108 (37.4%)
HCV (positive anti-HCV test)	𝑁=280
Yes	25 (8.9%)
Negative	255 (91.1%)
5-min APGAR	𝑁=330
<4	0
<7	5 (1.5%)
7–10	325 (98.5%)
Arterial cord pH	𝑁=327
<7.0	0
7.0-<7.1	2 (0.6%)
7.1-<7.2	16 (4.9%)
≥7.2	309 (94.5%)
Base excess (±SD)	𝑁=323; −2.98±2.15
Weight (g) (±SD)	𝑁=333; 2837±656
Percentile	𝑁=335
<10th	30 (9%)
10–90	291 (86.8%)
>90th	14 (4.2%)
Early anomaly scan (11 + 0–14 + 0 weeks of gestation)	𝑁=100; 30.5%
Nuchal translucency	𝑁=67; 20.3%
Anomaly/detailed scan 20–22 weeks of gestation	𝑁=252; 74.5%
Anomaly scan any time later in pregnancy	𝑁=18; 5.5%
Fetal/neonatal anomalies in total	𝑁=15; 4.5%
MTCT in total	𝑁=3; 0.9%

MTCT: mother-to-child transmission; SD: standard deviation.