Effect of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) and Menopause on Risk of Progression of Cervical Dysplasia in Human Immune-Deficiency Virus- (HIV-) Infected Women
Table 2
Univariate survival analysis of factors associated with progression to cervical SILs.
Variables
Hazard ratio (95% Wald Robust CL)
P value
Antiretroviral therap
HAARTa versus old HAARTb
0.47 (0.31–0.70)
0.0002
HAART versus any ARTc
0.33 (0.18–0.61)
0.0004
HAART versus no ART
0.42 (0.30–0.60)
<0.0001
Increased CD4+ cell counts
<0.0001
By 100
0.88 (0.82–0.92)
By 200
0.76 (0.68–0.85)
By 300
0.66 (0.56–0.78)
By 500
0.50 (0.36–0.66)
Increased viral load by 1
1.29 (1.21–1.38)
<0.0001
Duration of HIV infection (for each 10 years of increase)
0.30 (0.22–0.41)
<0.0001
Age (for each 10 years of increase)
0.57 (0.49–0.66)
<0.0001
Menopausal versus premenopausal
0.62 (0.41–0.94)
0.0225
Race
0.1891
White versus black
0.78 (0.55–1.10)
0.1580
Hispanic versus non-Hispanic
0.80 (0.54–1.18)
0.2526
Number of sexual partners
1.13 (0.85–1.49)
0.4065
Unprotected heterosexual contact
1.03 (0.62–1.70)
0.9246
HIV infection from IV drug use (yes versus no)
1.46 (1.00–2.13)
0.0516
Smoking status
0.0144
Current smokers versus never smoked
1.30 (0.94–1.77)
0.1208
Current smokers versus former smokers
2.89 (1.32–6.34)
0.0080
HAART: highly active antiretroviral therapy, ART: antiretroviral therapy. HAART: current standard HAART regimens (two or more nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) with a protease inhibitor or a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) or integrase strand transfer inhibitors (raltegravir) or salvage regimen. Old HAART: triple combination antiretroviral regimens containing indinavir, saquinavir, fosamprenavir, nelfinavir, or nevirapine. Any ART: not classified as HAART or old HAART. Time-dependent covariate. The different units are presented for the reader’s convenience in the incremental units they may prefer.
