Postnatal Cytomegalovirus Exposure in Infants of Antiretroviral-Treated and Untreated HIV-Infected Mothers
Table 1
Clinical characteristics of HIV-infected lactating mothers and their infants, comparing HAART-treated and untreated women.
Untreated
Treated
value
Maternal characteristics
Age, years
26 (23, 30)
33 (29, 36)
0.0002
Peripheral CD4 count (cells/μL)a
382 (217, 494)
315 (257, 481)
0.74
Subclinical mastitis (milk K/Na > 1)b
15 (28%)
4 (25%)
0.80
Plasma HIV-1 RNA load ()b
4.0 (3.5, 4.8)
2.4 (2.4, 2.4)
<0.0001
Milk HIV-1 RNA load ()b
2.1 (2.1, 3.0)
2.1 (2.1, 2.1)
<0.0001
Milk CMV DNA load ()b
4.0 (3.2, 4.6)
4.0 (3.2, 5.3)
0.83
Infant characteristics
In utero or peripartum HIV-1 acquisition
7 (13%)
0 (0%)
0.19
Postpartum HIV-1 acquisition
3 (6%)
0 (0%)
1.00
Congenital CMV acquisition
1 (2%)
2 (13%)
0.13
Low birth weight
1 (2%)
4 (25%)
0.009
Ballard score <37 weeks
12 (23%)
7 (44%)
0.12
Results reported as median (IQR: interquartile range) or (%). Two-sided values for maternal characteristics derived from Wilcoxon two-sample test, normal approximation, or two-sided values for infant characteristics from Fisher’s exact test. Significant values () are bolded.
aMeasured in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy.
bMeasured at four to six weeks postpartum.
