Epidemiology and Molecular Typing of Pregnancy-Associated Listeriosis Cases in Lombardy, Italy, over a 10-Year Period (2005–2014)

Table 1

Demographic and clinical data of the 40 pregnancy-related listeriosis observed in Lombardy, Italy from 2005 to 2014.

Characteristics	Number of cases (%)
Ethnicity
Italian	28 (70.0)
Foreign	12 (30.0)
Gestational week
1–12	0 (0)
13–24	5 (12.5)
>24	32 (80.0)
Unknown	3 (7.5)
Evidence of
Only in the mother	17 (42.5)
Only in the foetus/newborn	19 (47.5)
Both	4 (10.0)
Outcome of
Live birth	26 (70.3)
Stillbirth	4 (10.8)
Miscarriage	7 (18.9)
Fatality	11 (29.7)

of infection with a positive culture were as follows:
(i) Blood (7), placenta (5), liquor (1), others (7), and unknown sites (1) for maternal infection.
(ii) Blood (12), foetal exudate (1), faeces (1), gastric aspirates (1), ear (2), pharynx (2), skin (1), cerebrospinal fluid (1), rectum (1), and others (1) for foetal-neonatal listeriosis.
pregnancy outcome was known for 37 cases only.